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6. Which of the following formulas is true?

  • Phenotype + environment = phenotype
  • Genotype + environment = phenotype
  • Genotype + phenotype = environment
  • Genotype - phenotype = environment

7. Which is a basic assumption of the behaviourist approach?

  • Learning is influenced by private mental processes
  • Learning theory should be studied scientifically in a laboratory
  • The main influence on behaviour is your genes
  • Learning processes in animals cannot be generalised to humans

8. In which stage does the Oedipus complex take place?

  • Anal
  • Phallic
  • Oral
  • Genital

9. Which of the following does not occur during synaptic transmission?

  • Neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic gap
  • The chemical message is converted back into an electrical impulse
  • The neuron is in a resting state
  • An electrical impulse triggers the release of neurotransmitter

10. Which division of the nervous system is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic branches?

  • The autonomic nervous system
  • The somatic nervous system
  • The central nervous system
  • The peripheral nervous system

11. Which of the following is not an assumption of the biological approach?

  • An imbalance in neurochemical levels may explain mental illness
  • Human behaviour has adapted to the environment through natural selection
  • The brain and the mind are distinct and separate
  • Psychological characteristics may be genetically determined in the same way that physical characteristics are

12. Freud's theory is most associated with:

  • Biological determinism
  • Psychic determinism
  • Environmental determinism
  • Reciprocal determinism

13. The cognitive approach is a good example of:

  • External determinism
  • Soft determinism
  • Internal determinism
  • Hard determinism

14. The master endocrine gland is the:

  • Thyroid gland
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary gland
  • Adrenal gland

15. According to Rogers, an effective therapist should provide the client with three things. Which of the following is not one of these?

  • Being judgemental
  • Being empathetic
  • Being genuine
  • Unconditional positive regard

16. Which is the correct sequence of terms for the features of classical conditioning identified by Pavlov?

  • Neutral stimulus - unconditioned response - conditioned stimulus - unconditioned response
  • Neutral stimulus - unconditioned stimulus - unconditioned response - conditioned stimulus
  • Unconditioned response - neutral stimulus - unconditioned stimulus - conditioned stimulus
  • Unconditioned stimulus - conditioned stimulus - unconditioned response - neutral stimulus

17. Complete this sentence. Operant conditioning is best described as...

  • A form of learning in which behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences
  • A form of learning in which a stimulus is associated with a response
  • A form of learning in which an observer imitates the behaviour of a role model
  • A form of learning in which a new behaviour is produced that avoids an unpleasant consequence

18. Which one of the following statements about Bandura's Bobo doll experiments is false?

  • Children who saw the model punished were more likely to imitate aggression than children who saw no consequences
  • Children were more likely to imitate aggression that was rewarded (reinforced)
  • The experiments have been used to support the idea that children may be influenced by what they see in the media
  • The experiments support the idea that learning can often occur indirectly

19. Which of the following is 'transferring feelings from the true source of emotions onto a substitute object'?

  • Regression
  • Denial
  • Displacement
  • Repression

20. The biological approach is an example of:

  • External and hard determinism
  • Internal and soft determinism
  • Internal and hard determinism
  • External and soft determinism