emphasises process of physiological behaviour
processes and physiological behaviour determined by biological proceses
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Genotype
Phenotype
1 a set of genes a person possesses
2 the way genes are expressed through characteristics – determined by genetics and environment
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An imbalance of neurochemicals in brain has been suggested to play a role in causing mental disorders ?
Low levels serotonin = ocd
High levels of dopamine = schizophrenia
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A limitation
preferred method of treatment is not effective to every patient (compared 21 antidepressant) found variations in effectiveness – weakness because suggesting the biological approach cannot explain and treat all types of depression , cannot apply to all bec
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strength
scanning techniques measure physiological and neural processes = can’t be bias, for example a schizophrenic person had lower levels of brain activity in certain part of the brains as to where his hallucinations may have come from. = objective, higher eter
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psychodynamic approach
behaviour is caused by childhood experiences
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id
present from birth-pleasure principle ( get what want) – unconscious drive and instincts demand instant gratification
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ego
present from 2 – reality principle (realistic)- id=+super ego, stops id getting exactly what it wants by allowing super ego to have imput – defence mechanisms
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superego
End of phallic age (6)- morality principle-child develop moral standards from same sex parent e.g feel guilty for wrongdoing
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Defence mechanisms of ego
Used to reduce anxiety caused conflict between id+super
Unconscious, overreliance can lead to mental disorders (phobias , obsessions
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repression
unconscious by ego keeps disturbing/threatening thoughts from becoming conscious
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denial
unconscious by ego keeps disturbing/threatening thoughts from becoming conscious
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projection
involve individual attributing own unacceptable thoughts + feelings onto another e.g hate someone but super ego says unacceptable
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displacement
satisfying impulse with substitute object e.g angry at work kick dog
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oral stage
- 0-1 years Mouth – sucking, feeding. Weaning off breast or bottle feeding. Smoking, obsessive gum chewing, nail-biting and thumb sucking
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anal stage
- 1-3 years Anus – withholding or expelling faeces. Potty-training. Anal retentive – tidy, organised, stubborn.
Anal expulsive – messy, disorganised, rebellious
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phallic
3-6 years Own genitals – go through the Oedipus/Electra complex. Identification with the same-sex parent. Phallic personality – narcissistic, concerned with self-image
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latent
focused on school-work, sports, friendships and hobbies – sexual desires are repressed.
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genital
Puberty - maturity other gender’s genitals – heterosexual pleasure rather than self-pleasure.
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strength
Focuses on the affect’s childhood has on the developing personality
Involves both nurture (parenting, childhood experiences) with nature (Id, ego, super ego)
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weakness
unfalsifiable as it can’t be scientifically proven or proved wrong
it is deterministic – suggests people don’t have free will and behaviour is predetermined ( Freuds psychosexual stages)
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oedius complex
develops sexual desires for mother get rid father boy fears castrated found out , resolve this begins imitating wanting to be father
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electra complex
added to theory, desires father wishes could be a boy- penis envy resolves by no desire of penis more for a baby
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case study little hans
specific oedius complex horse phobia 5 - 2 year case study through letters
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Genotype
Phenotype
Back
1 a set of genes a person possesses
2 the way genes are expressed through characteristics – determined by genetics and environment
Card 3
Front
An imbalance of neurochemicals in brain has been suggested to play a role in causing mental disorders ?
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