Approaches

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Who is Wilhelm Wundt?
He is the father of psychology.
He opened the first psychology lab.
He created the term introspection - a process of looking into our own processes.
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Ao3 of Wundt
Paved the way for scientific psychology.
Can't be studied scientifically.
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Watson - experimenter on Little Albert
A white rat was shown to him at the same time that a loud noise was made behind him.
Baby now cries when seeing similar things e.g. fur coat, Santa, dog.
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Pavlov - Classical conditioning
Classical conditioning is learned by association. When a NS is paired with an UCS it will eventually become a CS which causes a CR.
Paired bell with dog food to cause salivation.
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B.F Skinner - Operant conditioning
Positive reinforcement - Presses lever and gets food - encourages behaviour.
Negative reinforcement - presses lever to stop electric shocks.
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Ao3 of behaviourist theory
- Lacks generalisability - Animals
- Ethical issues - Lacks generalisability as it uses animals for research.
+ Lab experiments - increases replicability
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SLT - mental cognitive processes
Attention - need to observe to learn
Remembered - Won't retain behaviour which causes it not to be repeated.
Motivation - Rewards or punishments
Reproduction - need to be reproduced by the observer.
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Bandura - Bobo Doll
72 3-5 year old children.
Adult either attacked or played with the bobo doll or a no model control group.
Matched pairs.
The children imitated the bad behaviour. Boys were more aggressive.
Vicarious reinforcement - adults rewarded for their behaviour mak
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Ao3 of Social Learning Theory
- Doesn't consider biological effects.
+ Lab experiment - reliable as it can be replicated
- Artificial task
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Biological explanation
Genotype is genetic coding which is inherited.
Phenotype is characteristics that are differed due to the environment e.g. height.
MZ twins - 100% same genes.
DZ - 50% same genes.
Diathesis stress - a disorder is the results of genotype and environmental
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Biological structures - endocrine system
Pituitary gland - master gland that controls the release of hormones
Adrenal gland - releases adrenaline for fight or flight
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Biological structures - Reflex arc
Sensory neuron - sends info from senses to the brain.
Relay Neurons - Interpretates meaning
Motor neurons - Sends info from brain to muscles / effectors.
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Biological structures - Synapse
1. action potential travels down the presynaptic neuron.
2. this causes vesicles to release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.
3. Receptor sites enable the NT to cross into the post synaptic neuron.
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Biological structures - The brain
1. Cerebellum - Regulates motor movement and balance.
2. Cerebral Cortex - Memory, attention, perception, cognition, awareness, thoughts, language and consciousness
3. Occipital Lobe - Visual stimuli
4. Parietal Lobe - Regulates sensory information
5. Tem
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Ao3 of Biological explanation
+ Real life application - helps drug effectiveness
+ Objective scientific measures - neurotransmitter level - increases validity of findings.
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Card 2

Front

Ao3 of Wundt

Back

Paved the way for scientific psychology.
Can't be studied scientifically.

Card 3

Front

Watson - experimenter on Little Albert

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Pavlov - Classical conditioning

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

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B.F Skinner - Operant conditioning

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