Anxiety & related disorders

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  • Created by: L.eve
  • Created on: 07-01-21 12:16
What is an anxiety disorder?
Absence of real threat-maladaptive
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What are the different types
of anxiety disorders?
Social, Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia, Specific Phobia, Generalised Anxiety Disorder.
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Describe Social Disorder
Avoid social situations/fear of being perceived negatively, symptoms must persist for 6 months, common in adolescents, can occur with other disorders such as major depressive disorder.
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Specific Phobia
Avoidance, immediate anxiety, significant distress, aware, symptoms must persist for 6 months.
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Panic Disorder
Sudden terror, unexpected worry of
future attacks, must be accompanied by 4+ symptoms: physical symptoms, depolarisation, derealisation, fear of losing control/dying.
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Agoraphobia
Intense fear-escape, fear of public display of anxiety, significant impairment, situations avoided, persists for >6 months, at least 2 situations provoke anxiety.
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Generalised Anxiety Disorder
No specific trigger, excessive & persistent anxiety, symptoms >50% of the time, >6 months, associated with fatigue, restlessness, irritable, concentration.
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What comorbidity is there?
Links with depression, substance use
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Describe the aetiology if anxiety disorders
Heterogenous nature + environmental factors (McGregor et al, 2018), SAD more likely in women, GAD 2x more likely in women, 40-50% heritable.
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Describe the neurobiology of anxiety disorders
Elevated activity in amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex less active in AD, connectivity issues with the amygdala & medial prefrontal cortex.
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What are the personality traits?
30% of children with high behavioural inhibition develop SAD by adolescence (Biederman et al, 1990), neuroticism-react to events with high levels of negative affect, introversion, external locus of control.
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Describe Mowners 2 factor Model
CC-fear of neutral stimulus (CS) paired with aversive stimuli (UCS).
OC-avoid CS=negative reinforcement eg fear conditioning - Little Albert.
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Describe the cognitive theories
Perception of control-lack of control of their environment.
Attentional bias-pay more attention to negative cues (AD) eg Emotional Stroop.
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What are the treatments for anxiety disorders?
Barbiturates-enhance the action of GABA (danger of overdose), anxiolytic drugs: benzodiazepines-can have side effects such as being addictive/memory lapses, SSRIs have fewer side effects. Cognitive & behavioural therapies: address avoidance, regain feelin
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Card 2

Front

What are the different types
of anxiety disorders?

Back

Social, Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia, Specific Phobia, Generalised Anxiety Disorder.

Card 3

Front

Describe Social Disorder

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Specific Phobia

Back

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Card 5

Front

Panic Disorder

Back

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