Antibodies

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  • Created by: aarafa11
  • Created on: 22-01-18 09:34
What produces antibody
B cell
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What is antibodies made up of
4 polypeptide chains
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why is an antibody a protein
Protiens has a diversity of molecular structure to produce millions of different types of antibodies as they respond to a variety of antigen
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What does the binding site do
It is specific to a complemenatry non-self material antigens to form a antigen-antobody complex
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How how many binding sites are there in an antibody
2
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Why is there 2 binding site
It can aggulate 2 non-self material at a time
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What features are there in an antibody
heavy and light chain, antigen-binding site, variable region, constant region and a receptor binding site
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What is the receptor binding site
It binds to a eceptor in a b cell
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What is the variable region
Contains variarty of aino acid , to form the specificity of the antibody to complementary bind with antigen
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Define aggulation
Clumping particles together so phagocytosis can occur more efficiently
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What do antibodies do
They PREPARE for the destruction of the antigen
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How does an antibody prepare the antigen for destruction
Cause aggulation of the non-self material so it maks it easir for the pagocytes to locate them | Serve as markers that stimulate phagocyte to engulf them
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How is an monoclonal antibody formed
A clone of a B cell will produce a different antibody which can be produced outise of the body/can be isolates/can be cloned
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What are the functions of monoclonal antibody
Are specific to the antigens of cancer cells | It attaches to the recptor of the cancer cells to block the chemical signals that stimulate their uncontrolled growth
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What is herceptin
direct monoclonal antibody therapy used to treat breast cancer
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Why use direct monoclonal antibody therapy
antibodies are not toxic and are highly specific | there are fewer side affects
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Why use indirect monoclonal antibody therapy
attaching a radioactive/ cytoxic drug to a monoclonal antibody | when antibody attches to the cancer cells it KILLS it
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What is a cytoxic drug
a drug that kills cells
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Why can monoclonal antibodies be used at small dosages
as the target specific sites | cheaper | reduces any side affects
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Why are mices used in monoclonal antibodies
produces monoclonal antibodies and tumor cells
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What are the ETHICAL ISSUES with mices used for the production of monoclonal antibodies
Deliberately inject cancer cells
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ETHICAL ISSUES with sclerosis
There have been some deaths | pateints must have FULL KNOWLEDGE of risk and benefits
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What is TGN1412
TESTING drugs on 6 healthy pateints | suffered multiple organ failurs due to T cell over-producing chemical that stimulate an immune response/ attacking body tissues
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Whats the difference between antigen and antibody
Antigen: triggers an immune response by lymphocyes | Antibody: molcule that has a complementaryshape to the antigen and is produced in response to it
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Should drug trials limit volunteers who have the condition that the monoclonal antibodie is designed to treat
Y: removes the risk of healthy volunteers being harmed, volunteers with condition will have most to gain | N: sample size will be smaller, ill may be different in early stages therefore could be unreliable
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Card 2

Front

What is antibodies made up of

Back

4 polypeptide chains

Card 3

Front

why is an antibody a protein

Back

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Card 4

Front

What does the binding site do

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How how many binding sites are there in an antibody

Back

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