Antibiotics

9-1 GCSE. Topic 3 Infection and Response , 

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Explain how antibiotics treat bacterial diseases
Antibiotics kill or prevent the growth of the bacteria causing the disease by either destroying the cell wall, stopping DNA replication or stopping protein synthesis
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Explain how antibiotics have saved lives
Antibiotics have reduced the number of people affected with potentially deadly diseases or diseases with fatal effects meaning less people are at risk of death
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Describe the problems associated with antibiotic resistance
Resistant strains of bacteria cannot be killed meaning they can spread , infect and reproduce without being killed or treated with antibiotics and the population of the resistant strain will increase
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Explain the difficulty in developing drugs that kill viruses without damaging body tissues
It is difficult to damage the virus as the virus is embedded within the host cell, meaning it is difficult to damage the virus without damaging the host cell
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Give examples of painkillers and other medicines used to treat symptoms
Ibuprofen , Paracetamol , Rash ointment , Vapor rubs
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Describe Fleming's discovery
He was clearing out some Petri dishes containing bacteria and noticed one of the dishes had a mould on it , and the surrounding area was free of bacteria. He found that mould produced a substance (Penicillin) that killed the bacteria
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Describe Fleming's discovery's importance
It was the first antibiotic produced and now can be produced on an industrial scale
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State which drugs come from plants and micro-organisms
Aspirin comes from a chemical found in willow , Digitalis comes from a chemical found in foxgloves, Penicillin comes from the mould Penicillin Notatum
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Explain why drugs need to be tested before they can be prescribed
Efficacy, toxicity , side effects , interaction with other drugs , dosage
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Describe the main stages in the development and testing of a new drug
Pre-clinical testing (tested on human cells and tissues and two different live mammals), Clinical Trial (Healthy volunteers for side effects , ill people for optimum dose , Placebo to see actual effects) and publishing for peer reviewal
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Explain the term placebo
A harmless pill that is used for comparison in drug testing so the effect of a new drug can be assessed
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Explain the term double blind trial
Neither the patient nor the doctors knows which treatment is being used (placebo or real) this avoids bias from doctors
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Explain how antibiotics have saved lives

Back

Antibiotics have reduced the number of people affected with potentially deadly diseases or diseases with fatal effects meaning less people are at risk of death

Card 3

Front

Describe the problems associated with antibiotic resistance

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Explain the difficulty in developing drugs that kill viruses without damaging body tissues

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Give examples of painkillers and other medicines used to treat symptoms

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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