Animal Learning and Cognition

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Why study animal learning and cognition?
curiosity, relevance to other disciplines (human cognitive, behavioural neuroscience and artificial intelligence)
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What does On the Origin of Species (Darwin 1895) emphasise?
the continuity of species, including humans
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What was George Romane's view of evolution?
linear and hierarchical
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What is the quote from George Romans which shows his ideas on the evolution of intellectual abilities?
"they act with rational imitation - which involves a rational understanding of technical properties and considerable reasoning power"
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What was Conway Lloyd Morgan's view on animal intelligence?
Against anthropomorphism, thought anecdotal evidence needed to be assessed more objectively
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What is Lloyd Morgan's Canon?
In no case may we interpret an action as the outcome of the exercise of a higher phsyhchical faculty, if it can be interpreted as the outcome of one which stands lower in psychological scale
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What is Thorndike's law of effect?
If a response leads to a satisfying outcome it will be strengthened (suggests animals only learn by trial and error)
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How do Thorndike's puzzle boxes support his law of effect?
There is a gradual decrease in time taken to escape, not a sudden decrease after the first correct escape (which is what you would expect if the animal could reason)
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Who lead the behaviourist revolution?
Watson in the 1900s
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What did Skinner create and why?
Skinner boxes/ conditioning chambers... as an automated way to record animal behaviour, as observing them may have an influence
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What is operant conditioning and through which process is it researched?
Where making a particular response leads to a reward, through response shaping
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What are the other names for pavlovian conditioning?
classical conditioning, type 1 conditioning, respondent conditioning
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What is pavlovian conditioning?
Where a neutral stimulus signals a reinforcer like food and the two become paired
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What is the CS?
conditioned stimulus (bell)
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What is the US?
Unconditioned stimulus (food)
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What is acquisition?
When the CS and US are paired together
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What is the asymptote?
when the CS US pairing levels off
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What is extinction?
When the CS is given alone and doesn't lead to a US
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What is Spontaneous recovery?
conflict about whether or not the CS leads to the US
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What is stimulus generalisation?
The learned response is generalised to similar stimuli
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What is the generalisation gradient?
The whole curve that shows the response to different similar stimuli
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What does the generalisation decrement show?
that generalisation decreases at the sides where the stimulus becomes increasingly dissimilar
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Card 2

Front

What does On the Origin of Species (Darwin 1895) emphasise?

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the continuity of species, including humans

Card 3

Front

What was George Romane's view of evolution?

Back

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Card 4

Front

What is the quote from George Romans which shows his ideas on the evolution of intellectual abilities?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What was Conway Lloyd Morgan's view on animal intelligence?

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