Animal studies of attachment
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- Created by: Thucydides
- Created on: 11-05-18 16:09
What did Lorenz (1935) study?
the effect of gosling imprinting on human beings
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How did Lorenz study imprinting?
Lorenz took his gosling eggs and split them into two group 1: hatched with their mother Group 2 hatched in his lab
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What did Lorenz find?
the eggs that hatched in his lab began to follow him around having imprintedon hims as the first moving thign they saw
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What happens to a gosling if it does not imprint during the critical period?
It will never imprint
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what is the critical period for goslings?
2 days
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Did Lorenz's goslings recognise their mother?
No
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which animans will NOT imprint on a human?
curlews
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what did Lorenz (1956) find were the long lasting affects of imprinting?
it is irreversible - Maritina his goose slept on his bed every night + animals will choose to mate with the kind of object they imprinted on
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what kind of animal did Harlow (1959) study?
Monkeys (he called his report the origins of love)
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What was Harlow's (1959) aim?
to demonstrate the caregiver infant bond was based on a food dependent SLT
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what what were the features of wire mother?
made of wire , and different head
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what what were the features of cloth mother?
Made of cloth with a different head
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how many monkeys did Harlow study?
8 infant Rhesus monkeys
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Over how many days did the study take place?
165
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what were the two conditions?
for 4 monkeys wire mother had the bottle - for the other 4 cloth mother had the bottle
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Findings: which mother did the monkeys spend most time with?
Cloth mother on both conditions, in the condition where the wire mother had the bottle monkeys only spent a short time on there.
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Findings: how did the monkeys react when frightened?
They would cling to the cloth mother + when exploring something new they would keep one foot on the cloth mother
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what are the long term effects of their cloth/wire mother experiences?
socially abnormal = froze/fled at the sight of other monkey's + sexually abnormal = they did not mate normally and when they had infants they would attack or neglect them
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could they recover?
Yes - if they spent time with their monkey peers in a critical period of before 3 months old
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when were the monkeys beyond recovery?
living for 6 months with wire mother
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How did Harlow's (1959) findings support his theory?
they suggest that an infant does not develop a sense of attachment with an attachment figure because they provide food, but because they provide confort
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E1: Give an example of a study that supports Lorenz
Guiton (1966) - Leghorn chicks imprint upon rubber gloves present at feeding, supporting the idea that animals are not born to imprint on specific items
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E1: what did Guiton find about mating habits of these chicks?
Male chicks will try and mate with the rubber gloves
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What is the key criticism of imprinting?
that the original view; that an image is stamped irreversibly on the nervous system is not plastic enough (Hoffman 1996)
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E2: what evidence is there to support Hoffman's (1966) view that imprinting is more 'Plastic and forgiving'
Guiton found that you could reverse imprinting on chickens who tried to mate with rubber gloves if they spend time with their own species
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E3: what acted as a confounding variable in Harlow's study?
the two mothers had different heads, the relative appeal of which could mean the study lacked internal validity
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E4: why is it hard to generalize animal studies?
We differ from animals because we are governed by conscious decision making
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E4: why might Harlow's research be more generalisable?
Because the fact that the primary attachment figure is not necessarily the one that feeds the infant is mirrored in Schaffer and Emerson's study, showing that animal studies can be useful provided they are mirrored by human research
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E5: Why have the ethics of Harlow (1959) been called into question?
It could not have been done with humans, but the emotional harm and damaged relationships meant the monkey's quality of life was reduced to the point were some questioned the ethics of conducting the research on monkeys.
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E5: How have has Harlow (1959) and the supporters of the study justified the ethical issues?
They claim the significant boost to our understanding of attachment is enough to justification. Especially as the follow on research has helped develop better care for humans and primates
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How did Lorenz study imprinting?
Back
Lorenz took his gosling eggs and split them into two group 1: hatched with their mother Group 2 hatched in his lab
Card 3
Front
What did Lorenz find?
Back
Card 4
Front
What happens to a gosling if it does not imprint during the critical period?
Back
Card 5
Front
what is the critical period for goslings?
Back
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