Anglo-Norman Church in William I Reign

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  • Created by: Rose
  • Created on: 09-04-14 20:12
What were the reasons William used to get Alexander II to support his claim?
1. Harold was a perjurer and an usurper 2. The English church was corrupt; the clergy abusing their church in a number of reasons.
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What were the abuses the English clergy were accused of in the church?
1. Simony - the selling of church posts/jobs 2. Nepotism - securing posts for relatives or friends 3. Pluralism - holding more than one office (Stigand bishop of Winchester + Archbishop of Canterbury) 4. Pluralism - priests having wives/not celibate
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Why was the Pope likely to bless William's claim?
Duke William claimed to be the head of the reforms in Normandy in 1066 - likely for Alexander II to give him papal banner and blessing
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Why did nobody like Stigand?
He was a notorious abuser of clerical privileges. It's thought he was never actually awarded the papal palium and bishops refused to be consecrated by him. Harold made sure he was crowned by Ealdred of York.
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Had the church always been corrupt in England?
No. Edward the Confessor was a very pious man. His bishops include the saintly Wulfstan of Worcester. Some of the English bishops were present at continental councils are were aware of reforming ideas from the Papacy. PAPAL RELATIONS WERE GOOD.
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Changes to Bishops pre-conquest.
1070 Stigand the pluralist bishop is removed from office. His brother went with him (Aethelmaer of Elmham) + Leofwine of Lichfield who was married.
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When did Ealdred of York die?
Sept 1069 - replaced by Thomas of Bayeux
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Who replaced Stigand?
Lanfranc of Bec - him and William had a symbiotic relationship (totally supported each others actions)
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What did Archbishop Lanfranc introduce into the church?
Transubstantiation - Jesus has entered into the wine and bread and is conjured down into the room.
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Were there any English Bishops left?
By 1080 Wulfstan of Worcester was the only English bishop left. By 1087 all Abbots were Norman/French too, the Parish priests were the only ones who remained English.
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What were dioceses and how did they change?
A diocese is a district under the pastoral care of a bishop. Districts based in cities, then divided into archdeaconries and then divided again into rural deaneries. Allowed for a hierarchical church (ranking based from most importance to least).
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Who were the Archdeacons?
New dioceses meant new territories for archdeacons. Job existed before 1066 but wasn't attached to archdeaconry. Early 1070s archdeacons in several dioceses, by 1089 they were universal. Central figure of discipline and resided over diocesan courts.
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What did the Normans do about cathedrals?
Rebuilt or built new cathedrals in Romanesque style (Winchester, Canterbury, Duraham + Gloucester).
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What was the effect on Parish Priests?
Minimal. The parish was smallest unit of church administration. Domesday records 2000 churches but there were more; surge in church building begun before conquest. Low social status of priests meant they were minimally affected; many remained married
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What was the Primacy Issue?
Lanfranc established Canterbury as prime ecclesiastical office - pressed the primacy of Canterbury with forged documents to the King. Council of Winchester 1070 W. backed Lanfranc as primate of England (chief minister). Pope never recognised this.
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Changes in the Papacy?
Alexander II dies 1073 + replaced by Gregory VII who's a serious reformer and tries to assert his power, claiming only he has the power to appoint bishops over Europe + invest them with holy power.
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What were the "Sun and the Moon Letters"?
1080 Pope sent papal legate with letter to W. Said he was the sun and William was the dimmer, less important moon. William banned Lanfranc from visiting the Pope and Papal legates coming to England. Pope also accused him of not paying PETER'S PENCE.
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What else did Lanfranc introduce?
Regular church councils - council of Winchester 1070, council of London 1072 + council of Lillebon 1080 got rid of clerical marriage.
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What were Synods?
Before conquest the clergy had cases in hundreds courts by archdeacons and bishops. Now they would be heard in Bishops courts.
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What was the Bishop of Odo Affair?
1082 Odo wanted to be a cardinal (step down from Pope) and planned a trip to Rome. He was arrested and William's death in 1087.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What were the abuses the English clergy were accused of in the church?

Back

1. Simony - the selling of church posts/jobs 2. Nepotism - securing posts for relatives or friends 3. Pluralism - holding more than one office (Stigand bishop of Winchester + Archbishop of Canterbury) 4. Pluralism - priests having wives/not celibate

Card 3

Front

Why was the Pope likely to bless William's claim?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Why did nobody like Stigand?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Had the church always been corrupt in England?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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