Anglo-Saxons section 2

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  • Created by: K Murphy
  • Created on: 11-03-18 16:19
Submission of the Earls
After the battle of Hastings, Edgar the Atheling, Archibishop Ealdred and Edwin and Marcar decided to surrender to William at Berkhamstead. They had no support, no money and were intimidated by William's destruction
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Marcher Earldoms
Protection from Welsh raids and rewards for Norman followers. They were smaller, had special privileges, had direct control of the law and ability to create make castles without the King's permission and exempted from tax
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Advantages for Motte and Bailey Castles
Quick to build, easy to defend, intimidated A-S, base for attack and a symbol of Norman power
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Revolt of Edwin and Morcar 1068: Causes
Edwin was annoyed William went back on his word- he had promised Edwin he could marry his daughter. Edwin's earldom was made smaller and less improtant. Morcar's earldom was also reduced in size, this meant loss of power and money.
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Revolt of Edwin and Morcar 1068: Events
They fled from William's court and went north. They were supported by a lord of Wales, Earls Waltheof and Gospatric of Northumbria and Edgar the Atheling William gradually travelled north build castles as he went. They eventually surrendered.
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Rebellions in the North 1069
Robert Cumin (Norman) was chosen as a new earl of Northumbria. He was killed in Durham for his cruel treatment of A-S in the area. This sparked an uprising in York which was supported by Edgar and the Scots. William quickly put down the rebellion.
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Rebellions in the North 1069- Anglo-Dutch attack on York
King Sweyn of Denmark arrived in September to the English coast and began raiding the East coast. They thought William was weak. However, their A-S supporters scattered after William attacked and they were hunted down and William paid off the Danes.
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Hereward the Wake, 1070-71
King Sweyn decided to attack again in East Anglia by gaining control of the Isle of Ely with local help. They got help from Hereward who wanted revenge on the Normans and had already been fighting a guerilla war.
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Hereward the Wake, 1070-71. Outcome
Hereward was joined by Morcar but the Danes decided to leave with gold they found at Peterborough cathedral. The Normans got control of Ely and Morcar was captured. Hereward escaped.
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Harrying of the North, 1069-70
As punishment for their support and role in the rebellions against his, William destroyed a large part of the North (between York and Durham). He killed many, destroyed farms, crops and livestock and put salt into the earth to stop future crops.
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Harrying of the North, 1069-70 ST impact
100,000 people died, people starved or froze to death, thousands of refugees fled the region. There were reports of cannibalism and people selling themselves into slavery.
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Harrying of the North, 1069-70 LT impact
No further uprisings from Northumbria. People were too scared. The Domesday book showed that the region had not recovered in 20 years. 60% of Yorkshire was defined as waste. William decided to replace all the A-S aristocracy with Normans.
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Landholding changes
Most land became owned by Normans, 1/4 was held by the Church. The king's royal estates were 1/5. Less than 5% of the land was still held by A-S.
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How did A-S lose their land?
Forfeit: If anyone acted against the king, he could take it as he owned all the land. New Earldoms and Land grabs: Illegal- Normans would just take land from A-S.
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How did William maintain royal power?
Military strength, people were scared but also respected this. He got rid of all rebellions. William maintained that he was the legitimate successor to Edward the Confessor, he showed this through royal ceremonies and wearing the crown and coinage.
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Revolt of the Earls, 1075:Causes
Ralph de Gael, Earl of East Anglia and Roger de Breteuil, Earl of Hereford were both angry that land had been taken from their earldoms by William after their father's deaths. Loss of land meant loss of money and power.
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Revolt of the Earls, 1075:Events
Ralph and Roger brought Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria into it because they needed the Danish connections he had to gain their support. However Waltheof confessed all the Archbishop Lanfranc who stopped the revellion
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Revolt of the Earls, 1075: Impact
Ralph escaped to Brittany, Roger was imprisoned for life, Waltheof fled but was tricked into returning, where he was killed. William realised the new threat came from his Norman Earls. A-S had also shown loyalty to William.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Protection from Welsh raids and rewards for Norman followers. They were smaller, had special privileges, had direct control of the law and ability to create make castles without the King's permission and exempted from tax

Back

Marcher Earldoms

Card 3

Front

Quick to build, easy to defend, intimidated A-S, base for attack and a symbol of Norman power

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Edwin was annoyed William went back on his word- he had promised Edwin he could marry his daughter. Edwin's earldom was made smaller and less improtant. Morcar's earldom was also reduced in size, this meant loss of power and money.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

They fled from William's court and went north. They were supported by a lord of Wales, Earls Waltheof and Gospatric of Northumbria and Edgar the Atheling William gradually travelled north build castles as he went. They eventually surrendered.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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