Androgens

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Which part of the adrenal cortex are androgens made in?
Zona reticularis
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What is Kennedy's disease?
Incomplete sexual development due to low levels of 5a reductase in males leading to spinal and bulbar muscle atrophy
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What 3 structures develop from the Wolffian duct in males?
Epipdidymis, vas deferens and seminal vesicles
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Which 5 structures is DTH responsible for the development of in males?
Penis, scrotum, prostate, hair follicles and urogenital triangle.
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Deficiency in which enzyme in the steroidogenic pathway can cause development of excess hair follicles?
21-hydroxylase
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Why are intramuscular injections of androgens given?
Because high first pass metabolism so liver inactivates hormone if taken orally
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What percentage of androgens are protein bound, which plasma proteins?
98% bound - SHBG and albumin
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Name 2 inactive metabolites of androgens after liver induction
Androsterone and etiocholanolone
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How are androgens excreted?
Renal excretion as metabolites
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Name 2 anabolic steroids that are metabolised slowly
Fluoxymesterone and methyltestosterone
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Name 2 causes of low testosterone levels in male
Andropause and high levels of SHBG
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Name 3 possible causes of high testosterone levels in males
Genetic disorders, excessive exercise or anabolic steroid use
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State 5 reasons for using androgen replacement therapy
Hypogonadism, AIDS relating to muscle wastage, hypopituitarism, ageing and HAE
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Is androgen replacement therapy safe for older men who have androgen deficiency?
Yes - because they have a deficiency
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What are the diverse effects of androgen replacement therapy?
Oligospermia, Oedema, increased sleep apnea, liver toxicity, increased blood clots, gynaecomastia, increased risk of prostate and liver cancer, precious puberty, decreased testicle size, acne, diabetes, virilization
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Give a therapeutic use of stanazolol
Treat low muscle mass due to wasting from HIV
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Name 2 other anabolic steroids
Nandrolone decanoate, nandrolone propionate
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State 4 long-term adverse effects of anabolic steroids in males
Short stature, osteoporosis, renal insufficient (capsule destruction) and CHD
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What is the MOA of Danazol (anti androgen)?
Inhibits LH and FSH secretion in pituitary gland, inhibits steroidogenic pathway enzymes and stimulates androgen and progesterone receptors, displaces SHBG increasing serum testosterone levels
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What are the side effects of Danazol in females?
Prevents ovulation in females by suppressing LH, prevents oestradiol synthesis and perhaps promotes androgen activity, causes endometrial atrophy and amenorrhoea
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Name 5 therapeutic uses of Danazol
Blood diseases, chronic menstruation and , fibrocystic breast diseases, HAE, infertility
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What are the general side effects of Danazol?
Amenorrhoea, night sweats, hot flashes, cramping, androgenic actions: hirsutism, absence of breasts, weight gain
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What are the 3 primary side effect of cyprostat?
Liver toxicity, tetrogenic and can be absorbed through the skin
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Which hormone can Cyprostat be akin to and why?
Progesterone because it inhibits the effects of LH
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How does Cyprostate behave towards testosterone and DHT?
It is a reversible competitive antagonist of the androgen receptor.
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What can Cyprostat be used to treat?
Female baldness due to high testosterone levels, loss of libido in male sex offenders, precocious puberty in boys and girls, virilizing syndrome (forms male characteristics), hot flashes, acne, hirsutism, prostate cancer.
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What is the MOA of flutamide?
It is a prodrug that is a competitive antagonist for the androgen receptor, competing against testosterone and DHT.
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What is the name is the active metabolite of flutamide?
2-hydroxyflutamide
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What differs about this anti-androgen?
It purely blocks the effects of other androgens, it does not itself express any androgenic activity "silent receptor antagonist"
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Name 4 uses of flutamide
Prostate cancer, female hirsutism, polycystic ovarian syndrome, used as a component of hormone replacement therapy for transwomen
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What is the side effect of flutamide in males?
Gynaecomastia
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is Kennedy's disease?

Back

Incomplete sexual development due to low levels of 5a reductase in males leading to spinal and bulbar muscle atrophy

Card 3

Front

What 3 structures develop from the Wolffian duct in males?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Which 5 structures is DTH responsible for the development of in males?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Deficiency in which enzyme in the steroidogenic pathway can cause development of excess hair follicles?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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