Ancient philosophical influences

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In which book does Plato's Analogy of the Cave appear?
Republic.
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What does it mean to call Plato a 'rationalist'?
It means he thought knowledge was primarily obtained through reason
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What does it mean to call Plato a 'dualist'?
It means he divided reality into two distinct categories.
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Why does Plato think that we can gain certain knowledge of the Forms but cannot gain certain knowledge of the physical world?
Because the Forms are unchanging, but the physical world changes all the time.
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Which does Plato think is the highest of all the Forms?
The Form of the Good.
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In the cave allegory, what is represented by the prisoner arriving in the daylight of the outside world?
It represents him being enlightened about the existence of Forms
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What does it mean to call Aristotle an 'empiricist'?
It means he thought knowledge was primarily obtained through sensory experience.
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What does Aristotle mean by the 'material cause' of something?
He means we can explain something in terms of what it is made of-its matter.
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What does Aristotle mean when he says that the Prime Mover must exists 'necessarily'?
He means the Prime Mover must be something which does not depend on anything else for its existence.
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What does Aristotle mean by the 'efficient cause' of something?
He means we can explain something in terms of the activity which brought it about.
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How does Aristotle's Prime Mover bring about chains of cause and effect in the physical world?
The Prime Mover attracts things towards itself whilst remaining unmoved.
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Why did Aristotle think that the Prime Mover must be perfectly good?
Because it cannot change and therefore cannot be corruptible, and because it has no potential and therefore must be already everything that it could be.
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What does it mean to call Plato a 'rationalist'?

Back

It means he thought knowledge was primarily obtained through reason

Card 3

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What does it mean to call Plato a 'dualist'?

Back

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Card 4

Front

Why does Plato think that we can gain certain knowledge of the Forms but cannot gain certain knowledge of the physical world?

Back

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Card 5

Front

Which does Plato think is the highest of all the Forms?

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