Anatomy Theme 4

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  • Created by: Splodge97
  • Created on: 09-05-17 23:25
What is the medial border of the infratemporal fossa?
Lateral pterygoid plate
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What are the superior borders of the infratemporal fossa?
Greater wing of sphenoid, squamous temporal bone
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What is the anterior border of the infratemporal fossa?
Posterior wall of the maxilla
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What is the lateral border of the infratemporal fossa?
Ramus and coronoid process of the mandible
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What is the posterior border of the infratemporal fossa?
Styloid process
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What is contained withiin the infratemporal fossa?
Lateral and medial pterygoid muscles, mandibular division of V, chorda tympani, maxillary artery, maxillary vein, otic ganglion
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What are the attachments of medial pteryoid?
Superiorly = medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate. Inferiorly = internal surface of ramus of mandible (down to the angle).
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What are the attachments of lateral pterygoid?
Superiorly = greater wing of sphenoid, lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate. Inferiorly = condular process of mandible.
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What are the main branches of the first part of the maxillary artery?
Inferior alveolar artery and middle meningeal artery
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Where does the maxillary vein drain?
Pterygoid venous plexus (between pterygoid muscles) - in turn drains into retromandibular vein, also communicates with cavernous sinus
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What movements are synovial joints capable of?
Hinge and translation (as in temporomandibular joint, though these occur simultaneously)
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Describe the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint
Synovial joint, between condyle and mandibular fossa. Mandible rests on articular tubercle just anterior to the mandibular fossa (stabilises joint when closed).
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Describe the position of the squamotympanic fissure
Occurs 2/3 along the mandibular fossa - splits into anterior articular part (worn smooth) and posterior non-articular part
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Describe hinge movements of the TMJ
Occur in lower compartment, between condyle and articular disc; disc stationary while condyle moves to open and close the jaw
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Describe translation movements of the TMJ
Occur in the upper compartment, between articular disc and mandibular fossa; condyle and disc move together to protrude jaw
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What is the function of the lateral temporomandibular ligament? Where is it attached?
Defines axis of rotation upon first opening; attached to articular tubercle and neck of the mandible
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What is the function of the sternomandibular joint? Where is it attached?
Defines axis of rotation upon wider opening; attached to spine of sphenoid and mandibular foramen (where least movement occurs, reducing traction on neurovascular structures here)
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What is the lesser petrosal nerve a branch of?
The glossopharyngeal nerve - carries preganglionic parasympathetic to parotid
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Describe the sympathetic root of the otic ganglion
From superior cervical ganglion, forms periarterial plexus around the middle meningeal artery
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What form does the sensory root of the otic ganglion take?
A branch of the auriculotemporal nerve (then joins V3 to run to CNS)
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What is the function of the somatic motor root of the otic ganglion?
Leaves V3 to innervate medial pterygoid and tensor veli palatini
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What is the parasympathetic root of the pterygopalatine ganglion?
Nerve of the pterygoid canal (formed from greter petrosal)
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What is the sympathetic root of the pterygopalatine ganglion?
Deep petrosal nerve (joins from periaretial plexus around internal carotid)
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What is the sensory root of the pterygopalatine ganglion?
V2
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What are the branches of distribution of the pterygopalatine ganglion?
Pharyngeal nerves (sensory to pharyngeal wall), posterior superior nasal nerves (sensory to posterior wall of nose), nasopalatine nerve, lesser and greater palatine nerves
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What is the posterior wall of the pterygopalatine fossa? What openings are present here?
Pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. Openings = foramen rotundum, pterygoid canal.
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What is the anterior wall of the pterygopalatine fossa? What openings are present here?
Posterior aspect of the maxilla. Opening = infraorbital canal/groove.
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What is the medial wall of the pterygopalatine fossa? What openings are present here?
Perpendicular plate of the palatine bone. Opening = sphenopalatine foramen (transmits nasopalatine and nasal nerves).
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What is the lateral wall of the pterygopalatine fossa? What openings are present here?
Pterygomaxillary fissure (transmits maxillary artery). Opening = inferior orbital fissure.
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What forms the base of the pterygopalatine fossa?
The palatine canal
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What are the branches of V2?
Branches to pterygopalatine ganglion (suspend it), zygomatic nerve, infraorbital nerve, posterior superior alveolar nerve, middle superior alveolar nerve, anterior superior alveolar nerve
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How does the nose detect olfactory sensation?
Traps air next to olfactory epithelium of sphenoethmoidal recess. Erectile epithelium (at termination of nostrils) ensures only one nasal canal open at a time, so olfactory epithelium remains sensitive.
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Describe the skeletal elements of the nose
Formed from nasal parts of frontal and maxillary bones. Septum separating the nasal apertures is made up of the perpendicular plate of ethmoid and the vomer.
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Wahat causes adenoid facies?
Children mouth breathing, causes abnormal development of the paranasal sinuses so face is flattened
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What is innervated by the ethmoidal nerves of V1?
Ethmoidal sinuses, sphenoidal sinus
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Where does infection of the ethmoidal sinuses spread?
The orbit or the anterior cranial fossa
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What innervates the frontal sinus?
The supraorbital branch of V1
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Where does the sphenoid sinus drain?
The sphenoethmoidal recess
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Why is the maxillary sinus prone to infection?
Opening high on lateral wall of nose (so drainage issues), may spread from ethmoidal or frontal sinuses (openings also in middle meatus), may be exposed in oral antral fistula (layer of cortical bone separating from tooth roots borken in extraction)
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How is the maxillary sinus linked to dental pain?
Infection often presents as dental pain (as innervated by superior alveolar nerves of V2); tumours and inflammation closing off its opening (increasing pressure within it) create the same sensation
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Where is the submandibular ganglion located?
Hangs supended from the lingual nerve on the surface of hyoglossus
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What is the parasympathetic root of the submandibular ganglion?
Chorda tympani
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Describe the sympathetic root of the submandibular ganglion
Fibres from the superior cervical ganglion, which have formed a peri-arterial plexus around the facial artery
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Describe the sensory root of the submandibular ganglion
Enters as the lingual nerve, joins V3 once released
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What does the nasopalatine nerve innervate?
The lateral wall of the nose and the palatine gingivae of the maxillary incisors and canines
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What is the entry point of the spinal accessory nerve into the interior cranium?
Foramen magnum (also transmits spinal cord and vertebral arteries)
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What is transmitted by the jugular foramen?
Internal jugular vein, occipital artery, IX, X, XI
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What are the transmissions of the foramen ovale?
Otic ganglion, V3, Accessory meningeal artery, Lesser petrosal nerve, Emissary vein (connecting cavernous sinus and pterygoid plexus) (spells OVALE)
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Wat is the anatomical position of the foramen lacerum?
Between the left and right foramen spinosum
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Where is the foramen transversarium present?
On normal cervical vertebrae = posterior to costal bar. On C1 = lateral to vertical canal. C2 = Lateral to articular factet and dens.
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What is transmitted by the pterygomaxillary fissure?
3rd part maxillary artery, posterior superior alveolar nerve
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What bones bound the inferior orbital fissure? What does it transmit?
Bounded by greater wing of sphenoid, maxilla and zygomatic bone. Transmits the inferior opthamlic veins, infraorbital artery, nerve and vein, zygomatic nerve as well as posterior superior nasal nerves.
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Describe the position of the sphenopalatine foramen
Inferior to the infraorbital groove, anterior to the squamotympanic fissure
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Where is the nasolacrimal duct? What is its function?
Anterio-inferior to inferior concha, superior to palatine process of maxilla. Drains lacrimal lake (in lacrimal sac) into inferior meatus.
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Describe the course of the olfactory nerve bundles
Run through the foramina of the cribriform plate (formed from sphenoid and frontal bone) into sphenoid and frontal sinuses
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Where are the ethmoidal sinus openings?
Posterior = in superior meatus. Middle = in middle meatus, superior to bulla ethmoidalis. Anterior = in middle meatus, superior to hiatus semilunaris
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Where is the foramen caecum? What does it transmit?
Medial on the posterior 1/3 of tongue, carries emissary veins from upper nose.
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Descibe the position of the superior orbital fissure. What does it transmit?
In orbit bounded by lesser and greater wings of sphenoid. In anterior cranial fossa, along line of lesser wing of sphenoid. Transmits lacrimal, frontal and nasociliary branches of V1, VI, IV, sup and inf opthalmic veins, sup and inf divisions of III
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Descibe the position of the optic canal
In anterior cranial fossa along line of jugum sphenoidale. In orbit between lesser wing and body of sphenoid.
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What does the hiatus of the lesser petrosal nerve transmit?
Lesser petrosal nerve, tympanic branch of XI
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the superior borders of the infratemporal fossa?

Back

Greater wing of sphenoid, squamous temporal bone

Card 3

Front

What is the anterior border of the infratemporal fossa?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the lateral border of the infratemporal fossa?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the posterior border of the infratemporal fossa?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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