Anatomy, physiology and pathology of the heart

?
  • Created by: liv
  • Created on: 22-10-21 17:18
How many litres of blood is the heart able to pump in 1 minute?
5.6L
1 of 18
How many cells are in the human body?
37 trillion
2 of 18
Why do cells need a blood supply?
For cellular respiration. Blood provides oxygen and nutrients and removes waste products.
3 of 18
What is the direction of blood flow around the heart?
Vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, rest of the body.
4 of 18
What are the heart sounds and when do they occur?
S1 is the lub, this happens during the shutting of the atrioventricular valves. S2 is dub, this happens during the shutting of the aortic and pulmonary valve.
5 of 18
What is the function of the chordae tendineae?
To stop the valves opening the wrong way and letting blood back into the atria or back into the ventricles.
6 of 18
What is the structure of the heart wall?
Endocardium, myocardium, pericardium (serous, pericardial cavity with pericardial fluid, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium)
7 of 18
What cells make up the myocardium and how do they communicate?
Cardiomyocytes. Communicate by gap junctions which allow action potentials to spread between the cells
8 of 18
What is the structure of the pericardium?
Epicardium (serous), pericardial cavity filled with pericardial fluid, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium
9 of 18
What are the sides of the heart called?
Right - inferior
Left - lateral
Front - anterior
Back - posterior
Middle - septum
10 of 18
How do cardiomyocytes receive blood?
Coronary arteries
11 of 18
Where is the entrance to the coronary arteries?
In the aorta, behind the aortic valve.
12 of 18
When does blood pass into the coronary arteries and why?
During diastole due to the pressure being too high during systole and would cause the arteries to burst
13 of 18
Where does each coronary artery supply?
Right - right side of heart, part of septum
Left anterior descending - left front of heart, some of septum
Circumflex - back of the heart, some of posterior right side
14 of 18
What is the direction of the electrical impulse around the heart?
SA node, intranodal tracts, AV node, Bundle of His, left and right bundle branches, Purkinje fibres
SA node also goes to Bachmanns bundle to contract left atria
15 of 18
Describe the process of depolarisation of a pacemaker cell.
Start -60mv with sodium entering the cell causing more positive
At -40 calcium channels open and calcium enters causing calcium to enter and cell more positive more quickly
At +10 calcium channels close and potassium open causing potassium to leave and be
16 of 18
Why do some ions leave the cells and some enter the cells?
Due to concentration gradient. If there are more of these ions outside of the cell, they will move inside. If there are more of these ions on the inside of the cell, they will move outside.
17 of 18
Describe the process of cardiomyocyte contraction.
Start -90 with potassium leaving. Sodium and calcium get pushed inside cell through gap junction by neighbouring cell.
At -70 sodium channels open and cell becomes more positive as sodium enters
At +20 sodium channels shut and potassium channels open caus
18 of 18

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How many cells are in the human body?

Back

37 trillion

Card 3

Front

Why do cells need a blood supply?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the direction of blood flow around the heart?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the heart sounds and when do they occur?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Medicine resources:

See all Medicine resources »See all Medicine resources »