Anatomy of the upper limb

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What is the bone structure of the humorous (a long bone)?
Compact bone on the outside, reinforced by trabecular bone on the inside
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What will bone do under stress?
Reinforce itself
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What does the head of the humorous articulate with at the shoulder?
The glenoid fossa of the scapula
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Where are the epicondyles of the humorous found?
On the medial and lateral ties of the distal end of the humerous (bone you can feel when you touch your shoulder)
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What is the name of the rounded portion of bone located laterally on the distal end of the humorous?
The capitulum
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What is the name f the rounded bit of bone located medially on the distal end of the humerous which is part of the elbow joint?
The trochlea
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Where are the radius and ulna located compared to each other in the forearm?
Radius= laterally Ulna= medially
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What does the head of the radius articulate with?
The capitulum of the humerous
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Why is the distal end the of the radius expanded?
It articulates with the hands and transmits forces
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What is the most superficial muscle in the anterior compartment of the arm?
Biceps Brachii
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Where does the short head of biceps brachia originate?
Coracoid process of scapula
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Where does the long head of biceps brachia originate?
Just above the glenoid fossa of the scapula
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Where do both heads of biceps brachia insert and what movement does this mean they can bring about?
The radius so it can bring about supination
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What is the name of the muscle which lies deep to biceps brachia on the arm?
Brachialis
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Where does brachial originate and insert?
Originates from the bone of the humerous and inserts into the ulna
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What is the name of the only posterior compartment muscle of the arm?
Triceps brachii
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What are the names of the 3 heads of the triceps brachii and where do they originate from?
Long- scapula Lateral- Upper portion of humerous Medial- lower portion of humerous
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Where do all 3 heads of the tricep brachii muscle insert?
The proximal end of the ulna
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What muscle of the forearm originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerous nd inserts into the radius helping with pronation?
Pronator teres
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What does the word carpii mean?
Wrist
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What are the names of the 2 flexor carpii muscles in the forearm?
Flexor carpii ulnaris and flexor carpii radialis
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What is the function of the flexor carpii muscles?
They flex the wrist and also fi the wrist in position when we want to do something which means we need to keep our hands still, Ulnaris adducts the wrist and Radialis abducts the wrist
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What is the name of the muscle in layer 2 which has 4 tendons which travel to insert into the 4 digits of the hand?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
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What is the name of the digit flexor muscle found in layer 3 of the anterior forearm?
Flexor digitorum profundus
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Where does the flexor digitorum superficialis originate from?
The medial epicondyle of the humerous and also the bone of the radius
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What is the name of the muscle in layer 3 of the anterior compartment of the forearm which originates from the radius and inserts into the thumb?
Flexor pollicis longus
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Why do we need retinaculum?
If we didn't have it the tendons would bowstring when muscles contract meaning they would be inefficient and weak so the retinaculum holds them down
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What is the area under the flexor retinaculum called?
The carpal tunnel
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Where do the majority of the superficial extensor muscles of the forearm originate?
The lateral epicondyle of the humerous
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Which superficial extensor muscle gives off tendons which attach to all of the phalangeal bones of the fingers?
Extensor digitorum
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What are the names of the 2 extensor carpii muscles found of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Extensor carpii radials and extensor carpii ulnaris
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What is the name of the muscle which also originates from the lateral side of the humerous but isn't an extensor muscle?
Brachioradialis
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Where does brachioradialis originate and insert?
Originate from the lateral epicondyle of the humerous and inserts distally into the radius
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Where do the deep extensor compartment muscles mostly originate from?
The bone of the ulna
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What is the name of the most proximal deep muscle in the extensor compartment of the forearm?
Supinator
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Where does supinator originate and insert?
Originates from the ulna and inserts int the radius
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Which deep posterior forearm muscle inserts into the base of the metacarpal of the thumb?
Abductor pollicis (thumb abduction)
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What is the name of the muscle which allows powerful extension movement of the thumb?
Extensor pollicis
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What is the name of the muscle who's tendon attaches to the posterior of the first digit?
Extensor indices
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How many bones does the hand contain and what are they?
27, Carpal bones (8), Metacarpals (5), Phalanges (14)
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What is the name of the joint between the 1st phalanx of the fingers and the metacarpals?
Metacarpophalangeal joint
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What are the joints between the phalanges called?
Interphalangeal joints
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Where are the thenar muscles located?
At the base of the thumb
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Where are the hypothenar muscles located?
Base of the 5th digit
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What movements does the thenar muscle group in the hand bring about?
Thumb flexion, abduction and opposition
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What movements do the hypothenar muscles allow?
Flexion, abduction and some opposition of 5th digit
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What is the thick fibrous structure found on the palm of the hand called?
Aponeurosis
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Why is the aponeurosis of the hand useful?
It allows us to hold something without it slipping out of our hand
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What is the name of the muscle found deep in the hand with adducts the thumb?
Adductor pollicis
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What is the name of the 4 small, deep muscles of the hand which originate from flexor tendons?
Lumbricals
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Where do the lumbrical muscles insert?
Extensor expansion on the posterior of the 4 digits
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What movements do the lumbrical muscles bring about?
Flexion of knuckles and extension of interphalangeal joints
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What are the names of the muscles which lie between the metacarpal bones of the hand?
The interossei muscles
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Where do the interossei muscles insert?
Firs phalangeal bone and extensor expansion of their respective digits
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What movement does the palmar interossei muscles bring about?
Adduction of the digits (in to the 3rd digit)
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What movement do the dorsal interossei muscles bring about?
Abduction of the fingers (away from the 3rd digit)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What will bone do under stress?

Back

Reinforce itself

Card 3

Front

What does the head of the humorous articulate with at the shoulder?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Where are the epicondyles of the humorous found?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the name of the rounded portion of bone located laterally on the distal end of the humorous?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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