Anatomy of the Lower Limb

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Which is the medial/lateral bones of the leg?
Medial= tibia Lateral= fibula
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Where is the medial malleolus located?
On the distal end of the tibia
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Where are the tibial condyles located?
On the medial and lateral sides of the head of the tibia
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Where is the intercondular eminence located?
Between the two tibial condyles on the head of the tibia
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What is the flat surface on the head of the tibia called?
The tibial plateau
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What do the tibial condyles articulate with?
The condyles on the distal end of the femur
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What are the 2 pieces of bone you can feel medially and laterally at your ankle?
The medial and lateral malleoli
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Where is the soleal arch and what is its function?
It is on the posterior of the tibia at the proximal end and is an important muscle attachment point
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What is the most superficial muscle of the posterior of the leg and where are its insertions/origin?
The gastrocnemius (2 heads medial and lateral), originates from the medial and lateral femoral condyles and forms a large tendon called calcaneal tendon (commonly known as achilles) before inserting into the calcaneus tarsal bone
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What is the muscle located deep to gastrocnemius?
Soleus
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Where does soleus originate and insert?
Originates= soleal line of fibula/tibia Inserts= calcaneal tendon of gastrocnemius
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What movement do soleus and gastrocnemius work together in doing?
Strong plantar flexion of the ankle joint
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Where do the tendons of the 3 muscles deep to soleus travel and insert into?
Behind the medial malleolus of the tibia and insert into plantar surface of the foot (base of foot)
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What are the 3 muscles located deep to the soleus on the posterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus
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Where does tibialus posterior originate and insert?
Originates from tibia and fibula and inserts into the medial side of the plantar surface of the foot
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Where does flexor digitorum longs originate and insert into?
Originates from tibia and inserts into the distal phalanx of the 4 digits of the foot
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Where does flexor hallucinations longus originate and insert into?
Originates from the fibula and inserts into the distal phalanx of the hallux
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What movements to the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg help with?
Plantar flexion of the foot and inversion
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Which joint do the movements inversion and eversion take place at?
The subtler joints (joints below the ankle joint)
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Why are the anterior compartment leg muscles smaller than the posterior muscles?
They are not used in the propulsion phases of walking
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Where do the tendons of the anterior compartment pass and insert into?
Anterior to the ankle joint and into the dorsal surface of the foot.
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Which is the most superficial muscle of the anterior compartment of the leg?
The tibialis anterior
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Where does the tibialis anterior originate and insert?
Originates from the proximal tibia and inserts into the medial cuneiform bone and first metatarsal bone of the foot
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What is the intermediate muscle of the anterior compartment of the leg?
Extensor hallucis longus
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Where does the extensor hallucis longus originate and insert?
It originates from the interosseous membrane between the fibula and tibia and inserts into the distal phalanx of the great toe
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What is the 3rd muscle of the anterior compartment of the leg?
Extensor digitorum longus
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Where does extensor digitorum longs originate and insert?
It originates from the fibula and gives off 4 tendons which insert into the distal phalanx of the 4 digits of the foot
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What is the 3rd muscle compartment of the leg?
The lateral compartment
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What are the names of the 2 muscles which make up the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis longus and fibulas brevis
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Where do both fibulas longus and brevis originate from?
The fibula
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Where does the tendon of fibulas brevis insert?
The base of the 5th metatarsal (little toe)
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Where does the tendon of fibulas longus travel and insert into?
It travels beneath the foot and inserts into the base of the 1st metatarsal (big toe)
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What movements do the lateral group of the leg bring about?
Plantar flexion at the ankle and eversion of the foot (joints below the ankle)
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Why is it important that muscles which bring about eversion or inversion are strong?
So our feet are able to move in this way when we walk/run on uneven terrain and help to balance our body over our foot
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What is a retinacula?
Bands of fibrous tissue which cover tendons and hold them in place over certain joints in the body to prevent bowstringing
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Where is the flexor retinaculum of the leg located?
On the medial side of the ankle joint between the malleolus and the calcaneus
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Where are the 2 extensor retinacula of the leg located?
Upper= between the tibia and fibula just above ankle joint Lower= between the tibia and tarsal bones (y shaped) over the ankle joint
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Where is the medial malleolus located?

Back

On the distal end of the tibia

Card 3

Front

Where are the tibial condyles located?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Where is the intercondular eminence located?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the flat surface on the head of the tibia called?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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