Anatomy and Physiology - Skin and Appendages

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  • Created by: abown
  • Created on: 18-10-19 17:15
What parts of the body make up the Integumentary system?
Skin, hair, glands, claws
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What is the role of the integumentary system?
Protective barrier (reduced water loss, invasion from microbes, abrasive trauma), metabolic actions, excretion of wastes, thermoregulation, sensory receptor
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What is the body's reaction to being too hot?
Vasodilation, sweating, pilorelaxation and stretching out.
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What is the body's reaction to being too cold?
Vasoconstriction, shivering, piloerection and curling up
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What do the sensory receptors in the skin respond to?
Pain, sensation, pressure and temperature
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What are the three layers of the skin?
Epidermis, dermis and hyperdermis
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What are the 5 layers of the epidermis (from top of the skin to the demal layer)
Stratum corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum and Stratum basale.
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Describe the Stratum basale.
Undifferentiated, mitotically active, close to underlying dermis
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Describe the Stratum spinosum.
Site of keratinisation
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Describe the Stratum granulosum.
Spindle shaped cells, basophilic keratohyalin granules
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Describe the Stratum lucidum.
Dead, flattened kerinocytes
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Describe the Stratum corneum.
Dead, flattened cels, filled with keratin, continuously replaced, prevents evaporation and absorbs water
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Describe the process of keratinisation
 Stratum basale cells mitose, Push superficial layers further from nutrients, Cells flatten and die, Dense matt of keratin remains
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What is found in the dermis?
Arteries, veins, capillaries, lymphatics, sympathetic nerves and sensory nerves
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What are the two layers within the dermis?
Papillary layer and reticular layer
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What is the papillary layer made of?
Interdigitate with epidermal pegs, increased surface area
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What is the reticular layer made of?
Dense connective tissue, thick bundles of in
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What is the function of the hyperdermis?
Insulation, anchoring of the skin, protection against trauma, movement of the skin and fat storage
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How does hair stand up?
Arrector pili muscles contract
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What is the sebaceous gland?
A gland that secretes sebum, empties into hair follicle, arrector pili contraction compresses gland
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What is the function of sebum?
Softens and lubricates skin, bactericidal
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What is the function of the sudoriferous gland?
Sweat glands, releases heat
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What is a tendon? What is its function?
Connecting muscle to bone, aids movement
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What is a ligament? What is its function?
Attaches bone to bone, maintains joint stabilty
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the role of the integumentary system?

Back

Protective barrier (reduced water loss, invasion from microbes, abrasive trauma), metabolic actions, excretion of wastes, thermoregulation, sensory receptor

Card 3

Front

What is the body's reaction to being too hot?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the body's reaction to being too cold?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What do the sensory receptors in the skin respond to?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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