Anatomy and Physiology- Musculoskeletal system 0.0 / 5 ? Physical EducationAnatomy & physiologyASAQA Created by: AliceToriCreated on: 11-05-17 11:53 Types of joints fibrous or fixed; cartilaginous or slightly moveable; synovial or freely moveable 1 of 34 Joints are... necessary for muscles to level bones to create movement 2 of 34 Joints ball and socket; hinge joint 3 of 34 Ball and Socket joint allows movement in every direction, is formed by the round head of on bone fitting into the cup-shaped capsule of the connecting bone 4 of 34 Articulating bone the bones that meet and move at the joint 5 of 34 Hinge joint allows movement in one direction, due to the shape of the bones making up the joint 6 of 34 Examples of ball and socket joints hip (femur and pelvis) and shoulder (humerus and scapula) 7 of 34 Examples of hinge joints ankle (talus, tibia and fibula), knee (femur and tibia) and elbow (humerus, radius and ulna) 8 of 34 Planes these are the planes of movement where it is seen as there are imaginary lines running through the body 9 of 34 Sigittal plane divides the body into right and left halves 10 of 34 Frontal plane divides the body into front and back halves 11 of 34 Transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower halves 12 of 34 Axis the movement around which rotation occurs 13 of 34 Transverse axis runs from side to side across the body 14 of 34 Sagittal axis runs from front to back of the body 15 of 34 Longitudinal axis runs from the top to the bottom of the body 16 of 34 Sagittal plane about the transverse axis flexion, extension, plantar flexion, dorsi flexion, and hyper-extension 17 of 34 Frontal plane about the sagittal axis abduction and adduction 18 of 34 Transverse plane about the longitudinal axis horizontal abduction and horizontal adduction 19 of 34 Flexion decreasing the angle between the bones of a joint 20 of 34 Extension increasing the angle between the bones of a joint 21 of 34 Plantar-flexion pointing the toes/ pushing up onto your toes 22 of 34 Dorsi-flexion Pulling the toes up to the shin 23 of 34 Hyper-extension increasing the angle beyond 180 degrees between the bones of a joint 24 of 34 Agonist the muscle that is responsible for the movement that is occurring 25 of 34 Antagonist the muscle that works in opposition to the agonist (to help produce a co-ordinated movement) 26 of 34 Joints require... muscles to move the bones into position 27 of 34 Muscles work in a... pair to produce the required movement, known as antagonistic muscle action 28 of 34 Concentric contraction when a muscles shortens under tension 29 of 34 Eccentric contraction when a muscle lengthens under tension or performs negative work and acts like a brake 30 of 34 Isometric contraction when a muscle is under tension but there is no visible movement 31 of 34 Example of concentric contraction: during the upward phase of an arm curl 32 of 34 Example of an eccentric contraction: landing from a standing jump as the quadriceps are performing negative work due to supporting the weight of the body during landing 33 of 34 Example of an isometric contraction: crucifix position in gymnastics as the muscles are acting as fixators or acting against resistsnce 34 of 34
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