Anatomy & Physiology

?
Agonist
The muscle which contracts and shortens to cause the movement
1 of 40
Antagonist
The muscle that relaxes and lengthens to control the movement
2 of 40
Fixator
The muscle which stabilises antagonistic muscle contraction
3 of 40
Concentric Contraction
Where the muscle shortens under tension (agonist)
4 of 40
Eccentric Contraction
Where the muscle lengthens under tension
5 of 40
Isometric
Where the muscle stays the same length when under tension
6 of 40
Sagittal Plane
Lies vertically - divides the body into left & right
7 of 40
Frontal Plane
Lies vertically - divides the body into front & back
8 of 40
Transverse Plane
Lies horizontally - divides the body into upper & lower
9 of 40
Fast Glycolytic Fibres
Full intensity exercise, fatigue easily, greatest anaerobic capacity, largest fibre, small number of capillaries
10 of 40
Fast Oxidative Fibres
Full intensity exercise, fatigue easily, large fibres, moderate capillary size
11 of 40
Slow Oxidative Fibres
Low intensity exercise, resistant to fatigue, small fibres, high capillary number
12 of 40
Heart Rate
The amount of times the heart beats per minute, rest - untrained= 70bpm, rest - trained = 50bpm, sub maximal = 130 ppm, maximal = 220 - age
13 of 40
Stroke Volume
The amount of blood leaving the heart per beat, rest (untrained) = 80ml, rest (trained) = 100ml
14 of 40
Cardiac Output
The amount of blood leaving the left ventricle per minute, rest = 5l/min, sub maximal = 10l/min, maximal = 40l/min
15 of 40
Proprioceptors
Detect an increase in muscle movement
16 of 40
Baroreceptors
Detect an increase in blood pressure
17 of 40
Chemoreceptors
Detect an increase in acidity & decrease in pH
18 of 40
Starlings Law
If venous return increases so does stroke volume due to increase of stretch of right atria
19 of 40
Hormonal Control
Release of adrenaline into the blood before exercise
20 of 40
Intrinsic Control
Temperature & Starlings Law
21 of 40
Role of Motor Unit
Nerve impulse initiated, conducted down axon by a nerve action, acetylcholine is secreted into synaptic cleft, muscle fibres contract
22 of 40
Vascular Shunt Mechanism
Chemoreceptors & baroreceptors, vasoconstriction to organs, vasodilation to muscles
23 of 40
Vascular Shunt Mechanism
Skeletal muscle pump, pocket valves, respiratory muscle pump, smooth muscle, gravity
24 of 40
Skeletal Muscle Pump
During exercise the muscle contracts which pushes blood through the veins into the heart
25 of 40
Pocket Valves
Valves in the veins that stop the back flow of blood
26 of 40
Respiratory Muscle Pump
Returns blood in the thoracic cavity & abdomen back to the heart
27 of 40
Smooth Muscle
The walls of the veins have smooth muscle that contracts and pushes blood back to the heart
28 of 40
Gravity
Veins in the top of the body are helped by gravity to bring blood to the heart
29 of 40
Internal Respiration - Oxygen
Higher concentration of O2 in blood, lower in muscles, diffusion occurs, during exercise the concentration gradient is steeper
30 of 40
Internal Respiration - Carbon Dioxide
Higher concentration of CO2 in muscle, lower in blood, diffusion occurs, during exercise the diffusion gradient is steeper
31 of 40
External Respiration - Oxygen
Higher concentration O2 in alveoli, lower in blood, diffusion occurs, during exercise the diffusion gradient is steeper
32 of 40
External Respiration - Carbon Dioxide
Higher concentration CO2 in blood, lower in alveoli, diffusion occurs, during exercise the diffusion gradient is steeper
33 of 40
Mechanics of Breathing - Inspiration during Rest
Volume of thoracic cavity increases, air pressure in lungs decreases, diaphragm contracts & flattens, ribs move up & down, external intercostals contract
34 of 40
Mechanics of Breathing - Expiration during Rest
Volume of thoracic cavity decreases, air pressure in lungs increases, diaphragm relaxes & bowes, ribs move in & down, external intercostals relax
35 of 40
Thermoreceptors
Detect an increase in body temperature
36 of 40
Respiratory Control Centre
Inspiratory Centre & Expiratory Centre
37 of 40
Frequency
The number of inspirations or expirations per minute, rest (untrained) = 15 min, rest (trained) = 12 min, maximal (untrained) = 50 min, maximal (trained) = 60 min
38 of 40
Tidal Volume
The volume of air inspired or expired in one breath, rest (untrained) = 0.5l, rest (trained) = 0.5l, maximal (untrained) = 3l, maximal (trained) = 3.5l
39 of 40
Minute Ventilation
The volume of air inspired or expired per minute, rest (untrained) = 7.5 l/min, rest (trained) = 6l/min, maximal (untrained) = 150l/min, maximal (trained) = 210l/min
40 of 40

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The muscle that relaxes and lengthens to control the movement

Back

Antagonist

Card 3

Front

The muscle which stabilises antagonistic muscle contraction

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Where the muscle shortens under tension (agonist)

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Where the muscle lengthens under tension

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Physical Education resources:

See all Physical Education resources »See all Anatomy & physiology resources »