What happens in the body when there is a lack of/ absence of oxygen?
The electron transport chain cannot continue. This also stops the Link Reaction and Krebs Cycle from working.
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What has to happen to produce ATP?
Reduced NAD has to be reoxidised to allow glycolysis to continue to produce ATP.
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What does a lack of oxygen cause a build-up of and what are the consequences of this?
Causes a build-up of lactic acid which leads to muscle fatigue. Produces small amount of ATP.
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Where is lactic acid broken down?
In the liver and muscle cells.
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How can animals reoxidise reduced NAD?
Through lactate fermentation.
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How does yeast and other fungi reoxidise NAD?
Through alcoholic fermentation.
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What is the equation for lactate fermentation?
Pyruvate --> Lactate
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What is the equation for alcoholic fermentation?
Pyruvate --> Ethanal --> Ethanol
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What is the hydrogen acceptor in lactate fermentation?
Pyruvate
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What is produced and not produced during lactate fermentation?
NADH is reoxidised and ATP is produced. Carbon dioxide is not produced.
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What is the final product in lactate fermentation?
Lactate
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Which enzymes catalyses the reaction in lactate fermentation?
Lactate dehydrogenase
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What is the hydrogen acceptor in alcoholic fermentation?
Ethanal
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What is produced during alcoholic fermentation?
CO2 and ATP are produced. NADH is reoxidised.
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What is the final product in alcoholic fermentation?
Ethanol and CO2.
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Which enzymes are involved in alcoholic fermentation?
Pyruvate decarboxylase and ethanol dehydrogenase.
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What are the main purposes of the anaerobic pathways in mammals and yeast?
To produce ATP in the absence of sufficient oxygen. To produce oxidised NAD for glycolysis and to convert lactate to pyruvate to enter the Krebs Cycle.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What has to happen to produce ATP?
Back
Reduced NAD has to be reoxidised to allow glycolysis to continue to produce ATP.
Card 3
Front
What does a lack of oxygen cause a build-up of and what are the consequences of this?
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