Anaerobic Respiration (4.4.1)

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Why can't aerobic respiration occur without oxygen?
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the ETC. Without it, the H-atoms released from NAD/FAD have nowhere to pass the electrons to. This means NAD/FAD cannot pick up anymore H-atoms. So Link and Krebs stop.
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Why can glycolysis still continue during anaerobic respiration?
There are alternative routes for the pyruvate to take.
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What alternative pathway do animals use?
Use lactic acid fermentation as an alternative pathway for pyruvate to follow.
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What alternative pathway do fungi and plants use?
Use alcoholic fermentation (ethanol) as an alternative pathway for pyruvate to follow.
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Why would muscle cells need to switch to anaerobic respiration?
During intense vigorous activity, such as running to escape from a predator, the need for
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Describe anaerobic respiration in animals.
The reduced NAD is re-oxidised so it can be reused to accept more H atoms. Pyruvate is the H-acceptor, allowing NAD to be regenerated. This requires the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. Allows glycolysis to continue. The H atoms are used to make lactate
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What happens to the lactate produced in anaerobic respiration?
The liver cells take up lactate & turn it back into pyruvate. As exercise is over, the O2 blood conc. increases again & liver cells oxidise the pyruvate which enters the link & Krebs cycle. Some pyruvate is converted into glycogen & stored.
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Describe anaerobic respiration in fungi/plants.
Each pyruvate loses a CO2 to form ethanal. This is catalysed by pyruvate decarboxylase. This enzyme isn't found in animals. The ethanal accepts the H atoms from the reduced NAD & the ethanal is reduced to ethanol using ethanol dehydrogenase.
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Card 2

Front

Why can glycolysis still continue during anaerobic respiration?

Back

There are alternative routes for the pyruvate to take.

Card 3

Front

What alternative pathway do animals use?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What alternative pathway do fungi and plants use?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why would muscle cells need to switch to anaerobic respiration?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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