Allotropes of carbon and nanochemistry

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  • Created by: Lily04
  • Created on: 10-06-17 18:48
What are the three forms of carbon and why are they forms of carbons?
diamond, graphite, buckminister fullerene (buckyballs)- they are made only of carbon atoms
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What is the main difference between diamond and graphite?
diamond has a rigid structure and graphite has a layered structure.
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What is an allotrope?
Allotropes are different structures of the same element. They each have different physical properties but similar chemical properties.
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What did chemists discover nanotubes could be made by?
joining fullerenes together
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What are nanotubes used for?
used to make materials stronger, e.g. reinforce tennis graphite tennis racquets, makes semiconductors in circuits, develop more efficient industrial catalysts.
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Explain in terms of properties, the uses of graphite
black and slippery so used in pencils; it slides off and sticks to the paper. The slipperiness also makes it a good lubricant, e.g. lubricate door locks, conducts electricity so used for electrodes for electrolysis.
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Explain in terms of properties, the uses of diamond.
Diamonds are the hardest natural substance known. Diamonds have a very high melting point. Cleaving panes also form allowing them to be shaped. These properties make them ideal for industrial cutting tools, such as rock saws and grinding wheels.
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Explain why diamond has a giant molecular structure.
Diamond forms when extreme heat and pressure forces carbon deposits to crystalise deep inside the Earth.
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Explain why graphite has a giant molecular structure.
Graphite is made when carbon deposits are changed when metamorphic rock forms.
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Why can fullerenes be used in new drug delivery systems?
They act as hollow cages to trap other molecules: They carry drug molecules and deliver them to where they are needed.
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Why can nanotubes be used in catalyst systems?
Atoms of the catalyst can be attached to the nanotubes. The nanotube has a large surface area so there is more chance that the reactants will collide with the catalyst.
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Complete the sentence: Diamond is made of carbon atoms bonded to.....
four other carbon atoms by STRONG COVALENT BONDS that involve electron sharing.
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True or False? Diamond doesn't have any free electrons so it can conduct electricity.
True it doesn't have any free electrons BUT that means it doesn't conduct electricity
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Why is diamond hard and have a high melting point ? Explain in terms of structure and bonding.
It has a large number of covalent bonds which need a lot of energy to break.
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Complete the blanks: Graphite is made of ....... of carbon atoms that are bonded to ...... other carbon atoms by ................
Graphite is made of LAYERS of carbon atoms that are bonded to THREE other carbon atoms by STRONG COVALENT BONDS
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What is it about the bonding in graphite that means the layers slide easily?
layers are held together by WEAK INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
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Why does graphite conduct electricity?
it has FREE (delocalised) ELECTRONS
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How many carbon atoms make up a buckyball?
60
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Give 3 predicted qualities of a giant molecular structure
have many covalent bonds, this means all available electrons are shared, so they do not conduct electricity , melting point is high but depends on size, strong because of a regular 3D pattern in the bonding of their atoms.
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Card 2

Front

What is the main difference between diamond and graphite?

Back

diamond has a rigid structure and graphite has a layered structure.

Card 3

Front

What is an allotrope?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What did chemists discover nanotubes could be made by?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are nanotubes used for?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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