Undesirable, damaging, discomfort-producing and sometimes fatal reactions produced by the normal immune system directed against innocuous antigens in a pre-sensitized (immune) host.
What is the antigen transferred with in each of the hypersensitivity types?
I=antibody II=antibody III=antibody IV=T-cells
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Give an example of each type of hypersensitivity reaction
I=allergic asthma II=erthroblastosis fetalis/ good pastures nephritis III=SLE IV=contact dermatitis
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Why do we get allergies?
Those components of the immune system implicated in allergic responses are primarily involved in responses to parasitic infection The immune system has evolved to generate a rapid tissue-based response to re-infection
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Describe the immune response to parasitic disease
increased levels of IgE, specific to pathogen-corse reactive, tissue inflammation with eosinophilia & mastocytosis and basophil infiltration, presence of CD4+ T-cells secreting IL4,5,13
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What is the hygiene hypothesis?
Immune stimulation by microbes protects against allergies- Mechanism – Th1/Th2 deviation, antigenic competition, immune regulation
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What is an allergen?
Antigens that initiate an IgE-mediated response First encounter results in innate & IgM response
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Describe a conventional immune response
Allergen requires processing Presentation to T cells & cytokine release Results in delineation of T-helper subsets into different types
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What is the role of Th2 T-cells?
multiple cytokine release- innate inflammatory response- drive for immunoglobulin production
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