all researchers for social some not in order

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  • Created by: freya_bc
  • Created on: 01-01-17 13:26
Rosenberg and Hovland (60)
What attitudes consist of- affective, cognitive, behavioural
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Zajonc (68)
Where attitudes come from- mere exposure effect
2 of 127
Bornstein (89)
repeat exposure after 10 times decreases strengh of opinions again in how attitudes form
3 of 127
Bem (72)
self perception theory- where attitudes come from
4 of 127
Katz (60)
attitude functions- knowledge function, utilitarian function, ego-defensive, value expressive
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La Piere (34)
prejudice study, chinese people in restaurant, served, difference in actions reported in qiare and real life, depends on time/accessibility/ strength of attitude
6 of 127
Wicker (69)
0.15 weakly correlated attitude-behaviour relationship
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Gregson and Stacy (81)
small +ve correl between attitudes and alcohol consumption
8 of 127
Azjen (87)
TPB
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Armitage and Conner (01)
185 TPB studies - 27% of changes in behaviour, 39% of intentions
10 of 127
Festinger (57)
cognitive dissonance attitude change
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Petty and Cacioppo (97)
central and peripheral route- dual route/elaboration likelihood model
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Heider (58)
balance theory POX and the naive scientist
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Chaiken (80)
heuristic-systematic model
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Tajfel and Turner (79)
social and personal identity, SIT
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Brewer and Gardner (96)
the 3 types of self- individual, relational and collective
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Carver and Scheier (81)
private and public self
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Baumeister (91)
How chronic self-awareness makes your more self conscious as have a heightened private self and heightened public self
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Gallup (70)
dev self awareness at 18mo mirror test
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Carver and Scheier (98)
Control theory of self-regulation
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Higgins (87)
Self-discrepancy theory
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Festinger (54)
Social comparison theory
22 of 127
Tesser (88)
Self-evaluation maintenance
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Cialdini et al (76)
BIRGing
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Sherman and Cohen (06)
Self-affirmation theory
25 of 127
Sedikes and Gregg (03)
self-esteem
26 of 127
Taylor and Brown (98)
self-enhancing triad- 1. overest and aspects, 2. overest control over events, 3. unrealistic optimism
27 of 127
Tennen and Affleck (93)
psychologically adaptive in terms of SE
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Baumeister, Smart, Boden (96)
high SE if volatile is problematic
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Weiner (79)
Attributional theory dynamic model
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Jones and David (65)
correspondent inference theory
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Kelley (67)
co-variation model
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Ross et al (77)
false consensus effect- would you walk around campus to advertise cafeteria if some said yes thought another 62% would say yes, if no then thought 67% would follow suit . KNOWLEDGABLE QUIZ MASTER STUDY TOO
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White (88)
make more attributions in later childhood
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Miller (84)
hindu indian children less prone to dispositional attributions
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Nisbett and Ross (80)
english language uses adjectives that describe action and actor, dispositional attributions second nature
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Jones and Nisbett (72)
Actor-observer bias
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Olson and Ross (88)
self-serving bias
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Kingdon (76)
self-serving bias in US politics
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Tversky and Kahneman (74)
3 types of heuristic- availability, representative, anchoring/adjustment heuristic
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Rosch (78)
categories described as fuzzy
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Crisp and Turner (14)
categorisation and stereotypes save cog energy, clarify and refine perception of world, maintain positive SE
42 of 127
Bargh, Chen and Burrows (96)
whether social behaviour triggered automatically by presence of certain figures. Elderly or neutral priming conditions, those with elderly priming walked slower
43 of 127
Chapman (67)
cognitive approach to why stereotypes form, recall how often words paired with each other- actual word pairs perceived as being mentioned more often, associative meaning and paired distinctiveness
44 of 127
Rosenthal and Jacobson (68)
IQ test in elementary school- showed greater IQ gain signif than non-bloomers
45 of 127
Dovidio et al (96)
decline of racist attitudes over last 60 years
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Devine and Elliot (95)
still racist attitudes at 45% specific stereotypes changes by negativity remains
47 of 127
Adorno et al (50)
Where does prejudice come from- authoritarian personality/autocratic and punitive child-rearing, california f-scale
48 of 127
Sidanius (93)
Social dominance theory - people desire own group to be dominant and superior to outgroups- high social dominance orientation
49 of 127
Mitchell (2002)
traditionalist, baby boomers, generation X, millennials
50 of 127
Freud- agg
biological theory of agg-thanatos
51 of 127
Lorenz (66)
ethological perspective- dual factor theory- innate urges to aggress get food/mates, depends on agg behaviour elicited by envi stim, mapped to people (fighting instinct)
52 of 127
Dollard et al (1939)
frustration-aggression hypothesis
53 of 127
Hovland and Sears (40)
racial aggression and frustration found negative correlation
54 of 127
Berkowitz (62, 89)
frustration does not always lead to aggression
55 of 127
Berkowitz and LePage (67)
weapons effect
56 of 127
Zillman (79)
excitation transfer theory
57 of 127
Bandura , Ross and Ross (63)
SLT support
58 of 127
Lawrence/ Lawrence and Hodgkins (06,09)
frustration and provocation sensitivity- more sensitive more phys agg
59 of 127
Bushman et al (05)
influence of heat on agg
60 of 127
Cohn and Rotton (97)
heat and violence have an inverted U shape relationship
61 of 127
Lawrence & Andrews (04)
effect of crowding on aff
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Runciman (66)
effect of relative deprivation on agg
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Mann (81)
study of baiting behaviour by crowds in suicides 60/70
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Triplett (98)
effects of a group on idv performance- track cyclists performance alone, paced, competition (fastest)
65 of 127
Allport (20)
social facilitation effect of a group on idv performance
66 of 127
Zajonc (65)
Drive theory
67 of 127
Cottrell (72)
evaluation apprehension theory - social pun/reward contingencies, perception of eval audience creates arousal not mere presence, social facilitated
68 of 127
Cottrell et al (68)
tasks well learned, social facilitation when audience perceived to be evaluative
69 of 127
Markus (78)
tiem taken to dress in familiar or unfamiliar clothes when alone, in presence of incidental audience, presence of attentive audience. Only attentive audience effected easy task, mere presence enough to slow in unfamiliarity condition
70 of 127
Ringelmann (13,27)
men pulling rope attached to dynamometer exerted less force in proportion to number of people in group due to coordination and motivation loss
71 of 127
Ingham et al (74)
social loafing study real vs pseudo groups
72 of 127
Latane et al (79)
study support clapping, shouting, cheering tasks. Reduced 29% in 2 person group, 49% in 4 and 60% in 6
73 of 127
Geen (91)
why people load- output equity, evaluation apprehension, matching to standard
74 of 127
Janis (82)
group think- mode of thinking in highly cohesive groups which desire to reach unanimous agreement overrides motivation to adopt rational decision making procedures
75 of 127
Sherif (36)
autokinetic effect
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Asch (1951)
conformity line length study
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Deutsch and Gerard (55)
we conform due to informational and normative influence
78 of 127
Moscovici
Minority influence- social influence processes whereby numerical or power minorities change the attitudes of the majority
79 of 127
Milgram (63)
obedience study 65% shocked to full power
80 of 127
Runciman (66)
types of relative deprivation-egoistic and fraternalisatic
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Berkowitz (62)
intergroup prej and discriminatory behaviour function of aversive events, agg associations
82 of 127
Sherif (66)
Realistic conflict theory and summer camp study phases- spontaneous friendship formation, in group and norm formation, intergroup competition, intergroup coop
83 of 127
Brewer and Campbell (76)
greater derogation of more proximal tribal groups- direct competition for scarce resources
84 of 127
Fisher (90,05)
est SOGs reduce IG conflict
85 of 127
Tajfel et al (71)
Minimal group paradigm- experimental methodology to investigate effect of social categorisation alone on behaviour 2 arbitrary groups, pp only knew their own group membership asked to allocate money to others
86 of 127
Billig and Tajfel (73)
random allocation of toss og coin, mere allocation to group produced IGF and competitive IG behaviour
87 of 127
Allport (54)
contact hypothesis- brining members of opposing social groups together will improve intergroup relations and reduce p and d.
88 of 127
Penner, Dovidio, Piliavin and Schroeder, 05
evolutionary support for altruism- the evol success of people who display altruistic behaviour, and RECIPROCITY benefits that may add to evol success high status and reputation in community
89 of 127
Barrett et al (02)
humans more inclined to help relatives than unrelated people
90 of 127
Burnstein et al (94)
tendency to help people who vaired in kinship two conditions more likely to help healthy in life/death situ, and non-healthy in everyday situs
91 of 127
Hornstein (70)
wallet study
92 of 127
Simpson and Willer (08)
reciprocity principle- if driven by egotism more likely to act prosocially if believe rep at stake
93 of 127
Gartner and Dovidio (77)
seeing others in distress > state of arousal > causing empathy reaction to distress
94 of 127
Dovidio (01)
empathetic arousal important in helping
95 of 127
Batson (91)
empathetic concern, personal distress - some altruistic behaviour can reduce guilt./egoistic motive
96 of 127
Latane and Darley (70)
decision model of bystander intervention- interpret whether need help, accept responsibility for helping/diffusion of responsibility/ fear of social blunders/audience inhibition
97 of 127
Mikulincer and Shaver (05)
competence/fear of social blunders inhibit altruistic behaviour
98 of 127
Midlarsky and Midlarsky (76)
if told high tolerance for elec shocks, more willing to help others move elec charged objects
99 of 127
Kazdin and Bryan (71)
people thought had done well on health examination more likely to give blood
100 of 127
Cramer, McMaster, Bartell, Dragna (88)
more likely to help if less novice e.g. nurse
101 of 127
Isen (70)
mood states- teachers who were more successful on task more likely to contribute to school fundraising drive- 7x more donation
102 of 127
Cunningham (79)
better moods on sunny days than overcast days
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Berkowitz (72)
lowered rate/amount of helping other students if awaiting important exam result
104 of 127
Isen, Horn, Rosenhan (73)
not case for all bad moods and helping behaviour- guilt can make people more helpful
105 of 127
Klein (03)
if do better than others on test, feel pleased so more likely to be prosocial and try and help others to do well on same task
106 of 127
Eagly and Crowley (86)
males more likely to help females
107 of 127
Pomazal and Clore (73)
more likely to stop for woman and male or female pair
108 of 127
Batson et al (96)
women reported more empathy to same sex teenage when made similar experiences in own adolescence.
109 of 127
Rhodes (06)
averageness effect-prefer average to distinctive/unusual faces
110 of 127
Fletcher et al (04)
search for ideals- warmth/trustworthiness, vitality-attractiveness, status-resources
111 of 127
Festinger, Schatcher and Back (50)
more likely to choose friends in same building/floor/corridor, those on staircase had more friends as more access to more people
112 of 127
Bryne (71)
increases liking, facilitates friendship formation, enhances maintenance
113 of 127
Altman and Taylor (73)
Social penetration theory- self-disclosure
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Rubin (73)
love isn't the same as really liking someone
115 of 127
Hatfield and Walster (81)
3 factor theory of love- cultural concept, appropriate person, emotional arousal self labelled as love
116 of 127
Dutton and Aron (74)
wobbily bridge arousal study
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Sternberg (86)
triangular theory of love- intimacy, passion, commitment, consummate
118 of 127
Homans (61)
social exchange theory- satisfaction = rewards- costs
119 of 127
Adams (65)
equity theory exchange should be fair just be putting in same
120 of 127
Martin, Brickman and Murray (1984)
role playing study women pretend managers greatly underpaid R: rel dep closely tied with mag of pay dif but more closely tied to likelihood that protest would be successful
121 of 127
Kelley and Breinlinger (1996)
longi study of women activists - rel dep reli predict involvement in womens group activies among women who IDd strongly with women as a group
122 of 127
Abrams (1990)
SNP supporters felt more frat dep to England if they strongly IDd as Scottish
123 of 127
Festinger (1954)
Social comparison theory make comparison with similar others
124 of 127
Major (1994)
women compare salaries with other women narrows potential for larger gender-based inequalities
125 of 127
Baron et al., (1986)
Distraction conflict theory
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De Cremer and Tyler (2005)
perceptions of injustice affecting rel depriv- procedural injustice more motiv for intergroup protest- dis-identify and lose sight of group goals, difficult to remove unjust procedures from unjust distrib (status dif)
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Zajonc (68)

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Where attitudes come from- mere exposure effect

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Bornstein (89)

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Bem (72)

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Katz (60)

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