6. What did Peter Trudgill find in his Norwich study?
Men and women were less likely to use the prestige pronunciation of certain speech sounds.
Women were less likely to use the prestige pronunciation of certain speech sounds.
Men were less likely to use the prestige pronunciation of certain speech sounds.
Men and women were more likely to use the prestige pronunciation of certain speech sounds.
7. Which theory did Zimmerman and West propose?
Difference theory
Dominace theory
Defecit theory
8. What does Deborah Tannen propose?
Men use factual information to build and maintain relationships.
Men tend to use a rapport style, whereas women use a report style.
Men tend to use a report style (factual information), whereas women tend to use a rapport style (concerned with building and maintaining relationships).
Women use factual information to build and maintain relationships.
9. How does Deborah Cameron support the deficit model?
Women's terms are marked so power lies in the norm, which is the male form.
Agrees with Lakoff.
Some terms are marked so power lies in the norm, which is the original form.
10. What did Trudgill say women tended to use?
Prestige pronunciation, as they tended towards hypercorectness.
Low prestige pronunciation.
Regional accents.
Received Pronunciation.
11. What did Pamela Fishman propose?
Mixed-sex conversations don't fail.
Mixed-sex conversation sometimes fails, not because of female-talk, but because of how men respond, or don't respond.
Mixed-sex conversations fail.
12. Which one of the following is NOT one of the six contrasts proposed by Tannen?
Orders vs. Commands
Orders vs. Proposals
Conflict vs. Compromise
Independence vs. Intimacy
Status vs. Support
Information vs. Feelings
Advice vs. Understanding
13. What does the Deficit theory propose?
The language of males and females is deficit.
Male language is treated as the standard or norm, and female's as deficient.
Males are seen as the subordinate group.
14. Who proposed the Deficit theory?
Robin Lakoff
Deborah Tannen
Jennifer Coates
15. What reasoning did Trudgill suggest behind men using low prestige pronunciation?
They were of a lower class.
They wanted to seem friendly.
They were seeking covert prestige by appearing "tough" or "down to earth".
They were seeking overt prestige by appearing "tough" or "down to earth".
16. Who supports the Difference theory?
Deborah Cameron
Deborah Tannen and Jennifer Coates
Deborah Cameron and Jennifer Coates
17. What is "verbal hygiene"?
Deborah Jones says that women have been instructed in the proper ways of talking.
Deborah Cameron says that women have been instructed in the proper ways of talking.
Deborah Tannen says that women have been instructed in the proper ways of talking.
18. Who's theories did O'Barr and Atkins challenge?
Lakoff's
Cameron's
Trudgill's
Coates'
19. Which one of these is NOT one of Lakoff's assumptions of women's language?
Uses fewer apologies
Avoids expletives
Uses hedges e.g. sort of, kind of
Uses empty adjectives e.g. lovely, adorable
20. According to Tannen, why do men assume role of information giver?
