Alkanes

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  • Created by: tsungiex
  • Created on: 12-05-16 21:53
Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?
They are saturated meaning they have double bonds.
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What bond is formed in alkanes?
A sigma bond is formed by the overlapping of the s orbitals between bonding atoms. There is free rotation of the sigma bond.
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What are the shape of alkanes?
Tetrahedral, 109.5. They have 4 bond pairs so they repel each other equally.
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How does boiling point depend on chain-length?
The longer the chain length, the higher the boiling point. This is because there's more surface area contact which means there are more induced dipole-dipole forces which requires a lot of energy to break.
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How does branched chains affect boiled point?
If there are branched chains, there is less surface area contact which means that there is less induced dipole-dipole forces. Less energy is required to break those forces.
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Why don't alkanes react easily?
They contain sigma bonds which have a high bond enthalpy that is difficult to break. Also the bonds are non-polar so they don't attract nucleophiles or electrophiles.
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What are the products of complete combustion?
Carbon dioxide and water
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What are the products of incomplete combustion?
Carbon monoxide and water
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Why is carbon monoxide poisonous?
Because it is better at binding to haemoglobin than oxygen which means not enough oxygen will get around to the body. Can cause death.
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What type of fission is radical substitution?
Homolytic fission because an electron is given to both bonding atoms forming 2 radicals.
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What are the problems with radical substitution?
You will get a mixture of products because of a lot of substitution also it can take place at any point along the carbon chain.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What bond is formed in alkanes?

Back

A sigma bond is formed by the overlapping of the s orbitals between bonding atoms. There is free rotation of the sigma bond.

Card 3

Front

What are the shape of alkanes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How does boiling point depend on chain-length?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How does branched chains affect boiled point?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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