hydration of ethene, C2H4 and fermentation of sugars
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Hydration of ehtene
Ethanol is manufactured industrially by the catalytic hydration of ethene C2H4 using STEAM in the presence of a PHOSPHORIC ACID CATALYST, H3PO4. The reaction is carried out at high temperature and moderate pressure and can be operated continously.
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equation of hydration
H2C=CH2 -------------- CH3CH2OH
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Hydration of ethene cont.
The reaction is reversible and so the conversion of ethene is incomplete. Each time the reagents pass through the reactor, only 5% is converted to ethanol. Any unreacted gases are recycled and reused.
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Fermentation
Carbohydrates are converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide. sugar/ starch is used as the carbohydrate source. conc is up to 14% alcohol by volume. Low temperatures in the presence of yeast. slow at below 25C and denatured above 37C.
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Fermentation cont.
The toxicity limits the concentration of the ethanol produced as the enzyme ceases to function above an alcohol comcentration of about 14%. Fermentation is anaerobic. IMPORTANT there is an absence of air asundesireable products are produced.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Ethanol is manufactured industrially by the catalytic hydration of ethene C2H4 using STEAM in the presence of a PHOSPHORIC ACID CATALYST, H3PO4. The reaction is carried out at high temperature and moderate pressure and can be operated continously.
Back
Hydration of ehtene
Card 3
Front
H2C=CH2 -------------- CH3CH2OH
Back
Card 4
Front
The reaction is reversible and so the conversion of ethene is incomplete. Each time the reagents pass through the reactor, only 5% is converted to ethanol. Any unreacted gases are recycled and reused.
Back
Card 5
Front
Carbohydrates are converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide. sugar/ starch is used as the carbohydrate source. conc is up to 14% alcohol by volume. Low temperatures in the presence of yeast. slow at below 25C and denatured above 37C.
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