Alcohols & Haloalkanes

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  • Created by: fjhcab
  • Created on: 21-03-16 20:19
Primary Alcohol
The carbon which carries the -OH group is only attached to one alkyl group
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Secondary Alcohol
The carbon with the -OH group attached is joined directly to two alkyl groups
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Tertiary Alcohol
The carbon atom holding the -OH group is attached directly to three alkyl groups
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Aldehyde
Have a hydrogen and one alkyl group attached to a double bonded C=O
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Ketone
Have 2 alkyl groups attached to a double bonded C=O
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Carboxylic Acid
Have a COOH functional group
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Haloalkanes
Are alkanes with a halogen bond
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Iodoalkanes
Are hydrolysed the fastest as they have the weakest bonds
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CFC's
Chlorofluorocarbons. They are very stable, volatile, non-flammable & non-toxic
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Infrared Spectroscopy
IR radiation is passed through a sample, its absorbed by covalent bonds in the molecule increasing their vibrational energy
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Mass Spectrometry
Molecules are bombarded with electrons which remove an electron from the molecule to form a molecular ion
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Reflux
You don't lose any volatile organic substances
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Distill
Separates substances with different boiling points
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Seperation
Removes any water soluble impurities from the product
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Alkene to Dihaloalkane
X2, 20°C
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Alkene to Alkane
H2, Nickel catalyst, 150°C
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Alkene to Haloalkane
HX, 20°C
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Alkene to Alcohol
Steam, H3PO4 catalyst, 300°C, 60-70 atm
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Alcohol to Alkene
Steam, H2SO4/H3PO4, Heat
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Alcohol to Haloalkane
NaX, H2SO4, 20°C
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Alkane to Haloalkane
X2, UV light
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Haloalkane to Alcohol
warm NaOH/ KOH, water, reflux
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Alcohol to Aldehyde
K2Cr2O7/H2SO4, heat primary alcohol in distillation apparatus
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Aldehyde to Carboxylic Acid
K2Cr2O7/H2SO4, heat in reflux apparatus
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Alcohol to Ketone
K2Cr2O7/H2SO4, heat secondary alcohol in reflux apparatus
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Secondary Alcohol

Back

The carbon with the -OH group attached is joined directly to two alkyl groups

Card 3

Front

Tertiary Alcohol

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Aldehyde

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Ketone

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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