Agriculture and Industry china

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  • Created by: tgrev
  • Created on: 29-05-17 14:53
3 Reasons Mao reformed teh economy
1. preventing exploitation 2. improve peoples standard of living 3. ideological
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What was agrarian reform law 1950
Introduced land reform across the nation, aiming to destroy the gentry class, many sentenced to death with their land redistributed
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3 problems the reform had
1. Comm control in north ment reform had little impact 2. lack of CCP influence in the south, reform slower 3. Land owning by clans wide range of classes, class conflict lang was meaningless
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How were landlords attacked
hastily trained groups sent out to countryside, struggle meetings often sentenced them to death, varying levels of violence
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Impact of land reform
Ag prod +15% per annum 1950-52, 43% of land redistributed to 60% pop, 1-2 mill landlords executed
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What were mutual aid teams
Peasants would pool resources to benefit all e.g animals tools, rich peasants were excluded, set up to defeat the rich peasants not beaten with land reform, 1952 40% of pop
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What were voluntary ag producers coops
Reducing econ freedom, further land reform, land valued and seized, peasants compensated based on value, used for harvest, peasants paid in grain/cash. 30-50 households
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What disagreements were their over collectivisation
gradualists (Lou,Zhoou) argued china not ready due to lack of machine. Mao wanted pace of reform to be quickened-> 96% in APC by 1956
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How did APC's grow
1955 63.3%, 1956 96%, peasants enthusiastic
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what was enforced collectivisation
membership of APC compulsory
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What were the communes
Mao wanted to increase ag prod, thought communes were the best method. Overly radical policy disastrous, 1958-62 30 mill died in a man made famine, Mao was sidelined in politics
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what was the abolition of private farming
by the end of 1958 740,000 APC's -> 26,000 communes, 99% of peasant pop lived in communes
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How were communes organised
organised ag+ind prod, healthcare and ed. Mao believed mass mobilisation would allow industry + ag to develop within the communes, communes produce own food, tools, ind goods, resource pooling=efficient
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3 differences between vision and reality of communes
1. women weren't liberated and had to do the hardwork of men 2. communal police punished the lazy 3. grandparents became isolated from their relatives
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What was the 4 pests campaign
launched 1958, dedicated to ridding china of the sparrows,rats flies and mosquitos who ruined production, ag prod neglected in favour of chasing the pests, sparrowcide increased amount of caterpillars which lead to reduced prod
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what was lysenkoism
soviet scientist claims crop yield would be increased with moisture and low temp and close planting, info manipulated to gain influence. Lead to dropping prod, locals claimed exceeded quotas
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what was the 1st five year plan
mirrored stalins hoped to industrialise china, china forced to rely on USSR due to trade embargos resulting from korean war
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What did the Sino-soviet include
constructin of 156 major ind enterprises, 11,000 ind experts supplying technical knowledge, loan of $300 mill over 5 years
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3 of the plans targets
1. self sufficiency 2. ind growth , investment in advanced tech
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3 of plans successes
1. ind growth (115% + coal, 211% increases in bicycles) 2. geographical exploration in Xianjing = ez uranium 3. standard of living adn job security for ind workers improved
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3 of the plans failures
1. increased debt to USSR 2. AG prod only icnreased by 2.1%, from the previous 14.1, low supply of consumer goods.
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why did mao launch the great leap forward
desperate to make china an econ superpower "overtake britain in 15 yrs", optimism from fyp, comm winning cold war
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successes of the plan 2fyp
land more fertile due to irrigation, chinese cities modernised
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failures of the plan 2fyp
insane targets = lies to enhance career, anti-rightist campaign lost rational econ planners, backyard steel camp = **** steel and loss of utility, ind prod declined by 40% by 1962 from 1958
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what was the lushan conference 1959
peng dehuaui expressed concern/critiqued maos grain prod figures, mao felt betrayed, stripped him of position barred from politburo and forced to live in run down beijing, attacked by the red guard in the cult rev
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name 5 of liu and dengs econ reforms from 62-65
communes scaled back in favour of greater freedom, peasants could trade on free market, peasants were able to cultivate any unused land,profit emphasised in industry, promotion of the knowledgable
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3 successes of the reform
ag prod had recovered form the great leap forward 1957 level, private plots = greater work incentive, availability of equipment reached commune level
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Card 2

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What was agrarian reform law 1950

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Introduced land reform across the nation, aiming to destroy the gentry class, many sentenced to death with their land redistributed

Card 3

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3 problems the reform had

Back

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Card 4

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How were landlords attacked

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Card 5

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Impact of land reform

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