Aggression Studies

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  • Created by: Lucy
  • Created on: 03-06-13 16:48
Bandura et al (1961)
Social Psychological-SLT- Imitated the aggressive behaviour of the mode, learned through vicarious experience-not direct.
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!Kung San
Social Psychological- Aggression is rare in this culture- devalued insociety + don't use aggression with children. (no aggressive models to learn from)
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Mann (1981)
Social Psychological- Deindividation- 10/21 suicides crowd baiting occurred.
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Watson (1973)
Social Psychological- Deindividuation- If changed appearance more likely to be more brutal/violent (anthropological study)
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Zimbardo (1969)
Social Psychological- Deindividuation- Deindividuated group gave more electric shocks than the individuated group.
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Postmes & Spears (1998)
Social Psychological- Deindividuation- Little evidence for deindividuation- don't lose identity but gain a collective one.
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Hogg & Vaughan (2008)
Social Psychological- Deindividuation- Theory is incomplete because deindividuation can lead to PSB too.
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Brown (1985)
Social Psychological- Deindividuation- Group display as another approach- shown in Abu Ghraib where the prisoners were dehumanised.
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Poole & Regoli (1983)
Institutional Aggression- Importation Model- Socialisation- Pre-institiutional violence was best predictor of inmate aggression.
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Beck (1995)
Institutional aggression- Importation model- Socialisation- Bullies are often convicted for violent offences.
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Rhee & Waldman (2002)
Institutional aggression- Importation model- Genetic Predisposition- genes accounted for 40% of ASB.
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[Optional] Keller & Wang (2005)
Institutional aggression- Importation Model- Response to conflict situations- Prison violence more likely to occur in prisons holding maximum security inmates rather than lower security inmates.
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Wright (1991)
Institutional Aggression- Deprivation model- Lack of stimulation- Prisoners who assulted others said environment had little activity and social stimulation.
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Gaes & McGuire (1985)
Institutional Aggression- Deprivation model- Lack of stimulation- Assults with weapons decreased as enrolments increased.
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Nacci et al (1977)
Institutional Aggression- Deprivation model- High Population density- higher pop density= higher rates of assults.
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McCorkle et al (1995)
Institutional Aggression- Deprivation model- High Population density- failed to support links between overcrowding, living conditions and aggression.
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Zimbardo (1973)
Institutional aggression- Lucifer effect- Stamford Prison study- prisoners were assulted and abused by acting guards (role play).
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Abu Ghraib
Institutional aggression- Lucifer effect- Gueards adopted a culture of ridicule, abuse and ultimately torture.
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Reicher & Haslam (2006)
Institutional aggression- Lucifer effect- Aggression in Abu Ghraib is not simply situational- more to to with the groups' way of thinking of each other. e.g. P.O.W. in Germany- British= equal Russian= subhuman
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Mason & Frick (1994)
Biological- Hereditary- Aggression= 50% genetic
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Coccaro et al (1997)
Biological- Hereditary- Aggression is 40% genes, and environment (physical violence)= 50% environment (verbal violence)= 70%
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Hutchings & Mednick (1973)
Biological- Hereditary- Significant positive correlation between convictions of biological parents and their adopted sons.
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Rhee & Waldman (2002)
Biological- Hereditary- genes=40% environment= 60%, no gender differences
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[Optional] Button et al (2004)
Biological- Hereditary- Heritability of aggressive behaviour is significantly higher in females than males.
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Brunner et al (1993)
Biological- Genes- Family in Netherlands- men showed aggression- Found defect in X chromosome and marker on MAOA gene in the aggressive males.
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Caspi et al (2002)
Biological- Genes- Defect in MAOA gene= more aggressive than no defect, - Maltreatment= twice more likely to cause aggression, - Mutant MAOA and Maltreatment= most likely of all to be aggressive.
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Brown et al (1982)
Biological- Neural- Metabolite of serotonin found in cerebrospinal fluid of aggressive people.
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Mann (1990)
Biological- Neural- In males hostility and aggression levels increased after injection to reduce serotonin levels
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Ferrari (2003)
Biological- Neural-Despite not fighting the rat had decreased levels of serotonin and increased levels of dopamine in anticipation of the fight.
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Lavine (1997)
Biological- Neural- Increase in dopamine= increase in aggression.
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Buitelaar (2003)
Biological- Neural- Dopamine antagonists reduce aggressive behaviour.
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Phineas Gage
Biological- Neural-Brain Structure- Metal rod through his head and behaviour becamse more aggressive after accident.
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Delago
Biological- Neural- Brain Structure- electrode in bull's brain controlled the bul's aggressive behaviour.
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Blair (2001)
Biological- Neural- Brain Structure- Psychopathy involves damage to amygdala.
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Kouri et al (1995)
Biological- Neural- Hormones- Basal Model- Those who recieved extra testosterone pushed the button significantly more than those who didn't.
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Mazur & Booth (1998)
Biological- Neural- Hormones- Reciprocal Model- Testosteron levels varied- married= reduced, divorced= increased.
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Wagner et al (1979)
Biological- Neural- Hormones- Castrated mouse= less aggressive, then added testosterone= more aggressive.
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Shakelford et al (2005)
Evolutionary- Infidelity- Mate Retention- 'Direct guarding' correlated with violence scores. Women said the same.
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Wilson et al (1995)
Evolutionary- Infidelity- Mate Retention- Women who said partner was 'direct guarding'- 72% were assulted.
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Camilleri (2004)
Evolutionary- Infidelity- Sexual Coercion- Rosk of partner's infidelity predicted likelihood of **** in men.
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Goetz & Shakelford (2006)
Evolutionary- Infidelity- Sexual Coercion- Men who ***** partners more likely to report thinking that they were unfaithful.
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Buss & Shakelford
Evolutionary- Infidelity- Deter/Remove male rival- More likely to be violent to/threaten male rivals.
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Young (1978)
Evolutionary- Infidelity- Deter/Remove male rival-Men more likely to respond aggressively to hypothetical situation ("threaten rival") whilst women would act more passive i.e. cry.
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Li & Kenrick (2006)
Evolutionary- Infidelity- Status- High status males are more desirable mates and have more offspring (anthropological)
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Chagnon (1968)
Evolutionary- Infidelity- Status [also for group display warfare]-Men who killed= more wives than men who didn't.
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Daly & Wilson (1985)
Evolutionary- Infidelity- Status- 41% of male perpetrators of homicide were unemployed (lack of status).
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Diamond (1991)
Evolutionary- Group Display- Warfare- Resources= 63% 20th century wars included disputes over land. Overpopulation= Large amounts of people killed in wars are non-combatants.
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Thornhill & Thornhill (1983)
Evolutionary- Group Display- Warfare- Women- **** in warfare is nearly universal.
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Maxwell & Viscek (2009)
Evolutionary- Group Display- Sports- More professional player=more about the winning than the playing fair.
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Cialdini (1976)
Evolutionary- Group Display- Sports- Uni students wore team colours when the team won but not when they lost.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Social Psychological- Aggression is rare in this culture- devalued insociety + don't use aggression with children. (no aggressive models to learn from)

Back

!Kung San

Card 3

Front

Social Psychological- Deindividation- 10/21 suicides crowd baiting occurred.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Social Psychological- Deindividuation- If changed appearance more likely to be more brutal/violent (anthropological study)

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Social Psychological- Deindividuation- Deindividuated group gave more electric shocks than the individuated group.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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