The prime motive is aimed soley at hurting someone, the primary reinforcement is seeing pain or injury inflicted on another peson, it violates the rules of any game
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What is channelled aggression?
It is a means to an end, aggression to achieve a non-aggressive goal. The primary reinforcement being tangible rewards, assertion is also know as channelled aggression
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What is assertion?
Assertive behaviour doesn't attempt to harm and is strictly within the rules of the game, the major aim is to complete the task successfully
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What are the causes of aggression?
High environmental temperature, losing, unfair officiating, playing below capacity, reputation of opposistion, status of the game- final/derby, low league standing, later stage of play, large score difference
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What is the instinct theory? (freud)
Aggression is innate and instinctive, caused by survival of the species, sport releases built up aggression (catharsis)
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What is social learning theory? (Bandura)
Aggression is learned through environmental forces, can be learned through observation of role model and imitating, this is then reinforced by social acceptance of the behaviour, likely to occur if part of social norms of a group
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What is Frustration Aggression Theory? (Dollard)
An interactionist theory involves an environmental circumstance stimulating a personality gene, frustration is developed when goal directed behaviour is blocked, frustration triggers aggression
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What is Aggressive cue hypothesis? (Berkowitz)
Frustration causes a readiness for aggression, only triggered when provocative environmental cue is present, this is a learned response, aggressive cues such as perceived unfairness will trigger aggression in sport if arousal is high
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What are the methods to eliminate aggression?
Cognitive techniques and Somatic techniques
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What are the cognitive techniques?
Imagery, mental rehersal, positive self-talk, reasoning, counting up to 10, forgetting/distancing
It is a means to an end, aggression to achieve a non-aggressive goal. The primary reinforcement being tangible rewards, assertion is also know as channelled aggression
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