Aggression

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  • Created by: Jade19
  • Created on: 18-05-17 19:47
What are the two main structures of the limbic system?
Amygdala and Hypothallumus
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Who carried out the lab experiment called 'The Ultimatum Game'?
Gospic et al.
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What did the participants of 'The Ultimatum Game' have their brain scanned by?
fMRI
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In 'The Ultimatum Game' those who rejected the unfair offer showed what response?
Heightened response in the amygdela
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What did the use of benzodiazepines have on the responses to the unfair offers (The Ultimatum Game)?
Halfed the number of rejections and decreased activity of the amygdala. Reduces the arousal of the autonomic nervous system.
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Who was Charles Whitman?
A sniper who killed 14 innocent people and wounder 31 others, left a note that pleaded for his brain to be examined after death for possible dysfunction. An autopsy shown he had a temporal lobe tumour, pressing on his amygdala.
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What is serotonin?
A neurotransmitter which is thought to inhibit aggressive behaviour.
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What are some the limitations of of linking serotonin with aggression?
Animal studies cannot be generalized to humans, lab studies have low ecological validity, cannot generalise results from convicted criminals to general public.
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Who proposed there is a link between serotonin and impulsive behavior, rather than aggressive behavior?
Virkkunen et al.
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What is testosterone?
An androgen responsible for the development of male characteristics and may also effect the brain.
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What did Dabbs et al. find?
Those convicted of violent crimes had the highest levels of testosterone?
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What is a problem with Dabbs et al's study?
Theres a problem establishing cause and effect - the data is only correlational.
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What is a problem with the Van Goozen et al. study?
Use of self report technique may be subjective and invalid. Participants may have been conforming to stereotypes of new gender roles.
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What is MAOA?
Monoamine oxidase A, an enzyme involved in processing neurotransmitters, including serotonin, in the brain.
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What did Brunner et al study?
Extended family in the Netherlands, several males showed patterns of impulsive aggression, involving violent crime.
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What did Brunner et al find?
Fault in the MAOA gene of individuals who showed impulsive aggression which wasn't present in the other male family members.
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What is a knock out study?
Animals are bred so they are missing a specific gene and then studied to observe the effect of this gene.
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Who carried out twin studies to find whether aggression was due to genes or the environment?
Coccaro et al.
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Who carried out a meta analysis of adoption studies?
Rhee and Waldman.
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Who found an association between high levels of antisocial aggression and the low-activity MAOA gene variant in adult males, but only when significant trauma was experienced?
Frazetto et al.
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What is meant by an ethological explanation?
Seeks to understand the innate behavior of animals by studying them in their natural environment.
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What are some of the adaptive functions of aggression?
Establish territory which reduces competition, establish dominance
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What did Pettit et al, find?
Aggression is naturally selected for and is adaptive because dominance brings benefits such as power.
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Who studied ritualistic aggression?
Lorenz
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What is a ritualistic behaviour?
Stops confrontation being fatal, such as wolves end a fight by the loser exposing the jugular vein as a sign of submission.
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What is an innate releasing mechanism (IRM)?
A built in physiological process or structure, for instance a network of neurons in the brain.
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What occurs when a stimulus triggers an IRM?
The IRM 'releases' a specific sequence of behaviours. This sequence is called a fixed action potential (FAP).
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What are the six main feature of a FAP according to Lea?
Stereotyped, universal, unaffected by learning, 'ballistic', single-purpose , response to an identifiable specific sign stimulus.
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What did Tinbergen find?
Found that IRM triggered an FAP more in unrealistic models with red undersides than real sticklebacks with no red undersides.
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What are the evolutionary explanations for sexual jealousy in males?
Cannot be sure whether they truly are the father, this is a threat for the male of cuckoldry, having to raise a child not their own is a waste of resources.
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What is direct guarding?
Male vigilance over a partners behavior, for example checking who they have been seeing.
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What is negative inducements?
Issuing threats of dire consequences for infidelity.
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What did Shakelford et al. study?
Intimate partner violence in heterosexual couples.
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Card 2

Front

Who carried out the lab experiment called 'The Ultimatum Game'?

Back

Gospic et al.

Card 3

Front

What did the participants of 'The Ultimatum Game' have their brain scanned by?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

In 'The Ultimatum Game' those who rejected the unfair offer showed what response?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What did the use of benzodiazepines have on the responses to the unfair offers (The Ultimatum Game)?

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Preview of the front of card 5
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