What is the aggression part of the psychodynamic theory?
Innate 'death instinct' (thanatos)
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What is thanatos directed at?
Self destruction
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Who is this directed at as we develop?
others
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what does the PT say about aggression?
It builds up naturally and must be released
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What is the ethological perspective? and who is it by?
Lorenz, Aggression has survival value --> functional view of aggression
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What is the dual factor theory?
Innate urge to aggress, Aggressive behaviour elicited by environmental stimuli
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What is lorenz mapped to?
People (fighting instinct)
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What is evolutionary social psychology?
It is where social behaviour is adaptive and helps the individual, kin and species to survive
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What is aggressive behaviour allowed to do?
Evolve to allow to procreate and pass on genes to next generation
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In humans, What can aggressive acts do?
Increase social and economic advantage
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What is the social learning theory?
Observational learning; modelling; learning by vicarious experience
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Who is Bandura, Ross and Ross and what did they do?
They did a study, where children watched an adult playing with a bobo doll
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How many conditions are there?
4
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What are they?
Observed real life aggressive model, observed aggressive model on film, film depicting an aggressive cartoon character, control group - no exposure to aggressive model
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What did children who were exposed to the aggressive model show?
More aggression
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What is the fustration-aggression hypothesis?
Aggression results having one goals thrawted
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What happens if the target is too powerful, unavailable or not a person?
Displace aggressiong onto alternative target (SCAPEGOAT)
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What did Berkowitz suggest?
fustration does not always lead to aggression
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What else leads to aggression?
Aversive events, negative affects
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What can situational cues lead to?
Intensify aggressive reactions resulting from barrier to goal attainment
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What did Berkowtiz and LePage study?
Weapons's effect
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What did participants receive?
Electric shocks from confederate
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What were participants then given the oppurtunity?
administer shocks to confederate in presence or absence of weapons
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What happens if angered?
More shocks were given in presence of weapons
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What is the excitation transfer?
It is a function of 3 factors
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What are these factors?
learnt aggressive behaviour, arousal or excitation from another source or person's interpretation of the arousal state - such that aggressive response seems appropriate
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What is the first factor to influence aggression?
Type of personality
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What did Carver and Glass sa?
more aggresive toward competitors
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What is the 2nd factor to influence aggression?
Fustration and Provocation sensitivity
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What is the 3rd factor to influence aggression?
Gender and socialisation,
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For example?
Males more direct aggression, more physically aggressive, females more indirect aggression, gossiping
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What are the next three factors influencing aggression?
Heat, Crowding, relative deprivation
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What is disinhibition?
Breakdown in the learned controls against behaving impulsively or aggressively
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What is deindividuation?
A process leading to disinhibition through presence of others and lack of identifiability
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For example?
Mann's (1981) study of baiting behaviour by crowds in suicides in 1960s and 70s
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What is the aggression part of the psychodynamic theory?
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