Age Inequality
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- Created by: lilyhanleyyy
- Created on: 21-11-21 20:22
What did Moore find when conducting research content analysis?
- She dressed up as an old person for research
-She was perceived as hard of hearing, people thought she was confused
-She was perceived as hard of hearing, people thought she was confused
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What is the minimum wage issue for the young?
- Minumum wage for 16 & 21 yr olds for doing the same job:
16 - £4.62/hr
21- £8.36/hr
16 - £4.62/hr
21- £8.36/hr
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What age group is the most likely to be unemployed?
- 16-21 yr olds at 12.2%
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What does the IPPR account for this high rate?
- mismatch between what young people are training for and the types of jobs available
- 94,000 ppl trained in hair & beauty for 18,000 jobs
-123,000 ppl trained in construction & engineering for 275,000 jobs
- 94,000 ppl trained in hair & beauty for 18,000 jobs
-123,000 ppl trained in construction & engineering for 275,000 jobs
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What does the Ageism in the workplace survey say?
- 82% of older workers (over 50) said they thought it was harder to get a job due to their age
- 11% said they had comments or 'jokes' from colleagues/ managers related to their age.
- Once employed, 52% had seen less experienced colleagues promoted over
- 11% said they had comments or 'jokes' from colleagues/ managers related to their age.
- Once employed, 52% had seen less experienced colleagues promoted over
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Which 2 age groups are the most likely to be in poverty in the UK?
- children (31% live in poverty) and the elderly (18% live in poverty)
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How does poverty affect a child's life chances?
- affects their education & health.
- They struggle to get to school and have the right equipment for school (material deprivation)
- They struggle to get to school and have the right equipment for school (material deprivation)
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What are the effects of fuel poverty?
- pensioners may struggle to keep their homes warm so they have to make a choice between 'food or fuel'
- Not being able to afford having heating severely impacts elderly people's health
-On average, 25,000 elderly ppl die prematurely from cold related il
- Not being able to afford having heating severely impacts elderly people's health
-On average, 25,000 elderly ppl die prematurely from cold related il
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Why do so many pensioners have to continue working?
- The state pension does not cover their needs -> they have bills that they can't pay with the SP alone
- The UK state pension is the lowest in the developed world
- The UK state pension is the lowest in the developed world
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1. How are young ppl presented in the news according to Wayne?
+
2. What was being neglected
+
2. What was being neglected
1. 82% of young ppl were portrayed as either perpetrators of victims of crimes
2. How young ppl are affected by problems in housing, education, health, unemployment etc. was being neglected
2. How young ppl are affected by problems in housing, education, health, unemployment etc. was being neglected
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What stereotypes of old people did Landis identify in TV + films?
- Grumpy old man
- Feisty old woman
- Mentally deficient
- Having wisdom
- Experiencing 2nd childhood
- Feisty old woman
- Mentally deficient
- Having wisdom
- Experiencing 2nd childhood
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What ageist terms did Ageist Britain find in their content analysis of Twitter?
- More than 2400 terms used in a week
- Most commonly used terms were:
'old fart'
'little old lady/ man'
'bitter old man'
- Most commonly used terms were:
'old fart'
'little old lady/ man'
'bitter old man'
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What is the Negative Labelling and the Self Fulfilling Prophecy?
- negative labels such as 'lonely' force old ppl into acting out an 'elderly role'
-> they are afraid they will be ridiculed for acting younger
->By taking on the 'elderly behaviour' they begin to feel lonely
-> they are afraid they will be ridiculed for acting younger
->By taking on the 'elderly behaviour' they begin to feel lonely
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What does Parson's bridge analogy represent?
- The bridge from childhood to adulthood
- Explains that while some young ppl behave in a way that seems dysfunctional to society, it can actually allow for a more intergrated society
-E.g. young people may experiment with deviant behaviour
- Explains that while some young ppl behave in a way that seems dysfunctional to society, it can actually allow for a more intergrated society
-E.g. young people may experiment with deviant behaviour
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What are examples of institutions that maintain social stability?
-Agents of social control. They're set up to deal with deviant activities & show young ppl how to behave and thus grow into functional adults
-E.g. a young person will be sanctioned for bunking school -> they then become a member of society who understand
-E.g. a young person will be sanctioned for bunking school -> they then become a member of society who understand
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According to Parsons & Eisenstadt, what main role do the elderly take on?
- Invaluable source of free childcare for many families
-> Grandparents caring for grandchildren
-Eisenstadt argues these roles bring social cohesion
-> Grandparents caring for grandchildren
-Eisenstadt argues these roles bring social cohesion
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What is disengagement theory?
- Cummings & Henry 1961
-Argued its functional for society for the elderly to begin to anticipate their own death and disengage from their work roles.
-> Retirement is acceptance that their abilities will deteriorate.
- Retirement leaves a gap that the yo
-Argued its functional for society for the elderly to begin to anticipate their own death and disengage from their work roles.
-> Retirement is acceptance that their abilities will deteriorate.
- Retirement leaves a gap that the yo
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What is evaluation of disengagement theory?
-Many elderly ppl cannot affors to retire
-Lacks temporal validity
-Based on small sample of white elderly people.
-Henry disassociated from the theory
-Lacks temporal validity
-Based on small sample of white elderly people.
-Henry disassociated from the theory
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How do Marxists argue that capitalists benefit from the young & elderly?
-Young are easy and cheap to employ
-Elderly provide childcare meaning young ppl can work more
-Elderly provide childcare meaning young ppl can work more
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What is the Reserve Army of Labour & how does this apply to the elderly?
-Some members of society are a secondary source of labour.
-These groups can be used @ boom times as temporary or flexible labour
-Y + e cheap to employ
-These groups can be used @ boom times as temporary or flexible labour
-Y + e cheap to employ
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What is false consciousness and what 'concessions' do the young & elderly receive that gives them this?
-Ppl do not realise they are being exploited
1. Child benefits
2. Pensions
1. Child benefits
2. Pensions
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How does false consciousness benefit capitalists?
-Creates a form of dependency, legitimising the need for the powers of authority.
-> Thus both y + e do not question their exploitation through the labour market, accepting things such as zero-hours contracts
-> Thus both y + e do not question their exploitation through the labour market, accepting things such as zero-hours contracts
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According to Phillipson, why does capitalism institutionally marginalize the elderly?
-Capitalism needs to continually renew its workforce to ensure greater profit by using young workers.
->This means having a system where the elderly are institutionally marginalized
> process of forced dependency: e.g. elderly being made to retire, the ne
->This means having a system where the elderly are institutionally marginalized
> process of forced dependency: e.g. elderly being made to retire, the ne
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How are Marxist views criticised?
-They ignore that the experience of ageing is not homogeneous.
-Other factors can affect the experience of ageing: e.g. class, gender, nationality, wealth & disability.
-Some elderly ppl are not systematically marginalized. They are able to work into thei
-Other factors can affect the experience of ageing: e.g. class, gender, nationality, wealth & disability.
-Some elderly ppl are not systematically marginalized. They are able to work into thei
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How do Weberians link market position to high or low status?
-If someone does not have the required skills in the market place then they will suffer low status (e.g. elderly ppl who don't have tech skills)
-> However if someone is upper class + elderly then they will not suffer loss of status as their financial sit
-> However if someone is upper class + elderly then they will not suffer loss of status as their financial sit
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What are negatively privileged status groups?
-being kept out of high status privileged groups through social segregation.
e.g. ethnic minorities
e.g. ethnic minorities
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How can the elderly be socially segregated?
-in media
-> through negative portrayals
-in employment
-> through retirement
-> through negative portrayals
-in employment
-> through retirement
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What do some interactionsists believe will increase people's happiness?
(interactionists directly challenge disengagement theory)
(interactionists directly challenge disengagement theory)
-Staying mentally + physically active
-Having positive interactions means elderly ppl don't completely disengage from society
-Having positive interactions means elderly ppl don't completely disengage from society
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How did Havinhust criticise Disenagement theory?
-argued inequality is more about having social interaction than just age
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What does Statham theorise about grandparents?
-continued social interaction (providing childcare) may change the inequalities faced by some elderly ppl who are isolated
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What is Victor's theory about negative labelling & self fulfilling prophecy?
-If elderly are labelled as 'useless, lonely, dependent' then stereotypes may become reality.
-> elderly then feel they have to become these things to fulfill elderly role.
-> elderly then feel they have to become these things to fulfill elderly role.
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What is evaluation of social action theory (through Marxism)?
-fails to recognise importace of capitalism as main cause of age inequality
-fails to recognise power of institutional marginalization in a cap society
-fails to recognise power of institutional marginalization in a cap society
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What is the post modernist view of age inequality?
-view old age as a positive time of life -- not being marginalised
-some po-mos have argued that consume culture gives a different picture of the elderly
-Rather than the stereotype of the elderly being marginalised, advertisers are focusing on the elderl
-some po-mos have argued that consume culture gives a different picture of the elderly
-Rather than the stereotype of the elderly being marginalised, advertisers are focusing on the elderl
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What are examples of advertisers focus on the elderly?
-SKIER (spending the kids inheritance)
-GRUMPY (grown up urban professionals)
-GRUMPY (grown up urban professionals)
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What did Laczko and phillipson conclude about the inequality faced by some elderly people?
-found that the inequality faced by some elderly people was due to wealth & not ageing itself
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What did Blaikie argue about ageing for these people?
-positive ageing
-agrees with the idea pf a fourth age filled with active but leisure based pursuits.
-agrees with the idea pf a fourth age filled with active but leisure based pursuits.
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What were Priestley's thoughts about the 'mask' of old age?
-one thing on the outside, another on the inside
-Priestley said ageing was like someone kidnapped him & made him old but he had the same thoughts as he did when he was younger.
-Priestley said ageing was like someone kidnapped him & made him old but he had the same thoughts as he did when he was younger.
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How do po mos link the mask to negative labelling?
-Inequalities faced by elderly might be linked to labelling/ stereotypes more than ageing
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the minimum wage issue for the young?
Back
- Minumum wage for 16 & 21 yr olds for doing the same job:
16 - £4.62/hr
21- £8.36/hr
16 - £4.62/hr
21- £8.36/hr
Card 3
Front
What age group is the most likely to be unemployed?
Back
Card 4
Front
What does the IPPR account for this high rate?
Back
Card 5
Front
What does the Ageism in the workplace survey say?
Back
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