Additional Chemistry - Keywords

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Covalent Bond
Strong bond between two non-metal atoms - Electrons are shared.
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Ionic Bond
Stong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions. Positive and negative ions attract one another and bind together forming a new substance. Ionic Bonds form when a metal reacts with a non-metal.
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Compound
Atoms of different elecments join together.
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Simple Molecule
A molecule containing only a few atoms held together by stong covalent bonds.
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Giant Covalent Structures - 'Macromolecules'
Contain a lot of non-metal atoms joined by covalent bonds.
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Polymers
A large molecule formed from many identical smaller molecules (Monomers).
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Thermosoftening Polymer
The forces between the chains are weak so it softens when heated and hardens when cooled.
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Thermosetting Polymer
Strong covalent bonds form cross-links between the chains so they don't soften or melt when heated. Uses: Electrical sockets.
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Alloy
A mixture of two or more elements, where at least one element is a metal.
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Nanoscience
The study of very small particles that are between 1 and 100 nanometres in size. (1 nanometre = 10^-9m)
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Isotope
An atom of an element with a different number of neutrons.
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Paper Chromatography
Used to analyse coloured substances.
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Retention Time (Gas Chromatography)
Time taken for a substance to travel through a column.
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Reversible Reaction
The products of the reaction can react to form the original reactants.
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Catalyst
A chemical that speeds up a reaction.
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Exothermic Reaction
Transfers energy to the surroundings.
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Endothermic Reaction
Takes in energy from the surroundings.
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Bases
Substances that neutralise acids.
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Alkalis
Bases that dissolve in water.
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Salt
Created when an acid reacts with a base, carbonate or metal.
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Electrolysis
The process by which ionic substances are broken down into simpler substances using electricity.
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Ionic Substances
Form when a metal reacts with a non-metal.
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Electrolyte
The liquid used in electrolysis.
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Cathode
Negative electrode.
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Anode
Positive electrode.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Stong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions. Positive and negative ions attract one another and bind together forming a new substance. Ionic Bonds form when a metal reacts with a non-metal.

Back

Ionic Bond

Card 3

Front

Atoms of different elecments join together.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

A molecule containing only a few atoms held together by stong covalent bonds.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Contain a lot of non-metal atoms joined by covalent bonds.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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