Acids,bases and salts 5.0 / 5 based on 3 ratings ? ChemistryAcids, bases and saltsGCSEAQA Created by: jemstarsCreated on: 13-03-17 16:05 Hydrochloric acid (acid) HCl 1 of 31 Nitric acid (acid) HNO3 2 of 31 Sulfuric acid (acid) H2SO4 3 of 31 Ethanoic acid (acid) CH3OOH (vinegar) 4 of 31 What do all acids contain? Hydrogen ions, H+ ion. 5 of 31 What are acids? They are a proton donor. 6 of 31 What is the pH range of an acid? 0-6, with 0-2 being a strong acid and 3-6 a weak acid. 7 of 31 Sodium hydroxide (alkali) NaOH 8 of 31 Potassium hydroxide (alkali) KOH 9 of 31 Ammonium hydroxide (alkali) NH40H (ammonium solution) 10 of 31 Calcium hydroxide (alkali) Ca(OH)2 (lime water) 11 of 31 What do all alkalis contain? Hydroxide ions, H-ions. 12 of 31 What is the pH range of alkalis? 8-14, with 11-14 being a strong alkali and 8-10 a weak alkali. 13 of 31 What is a chemical with a pH of 1? Hydrochloric acid. 14 of 31 How do you test the pH of a solution? Add UI and the colour compared to the colour chart is the approximate pH. 15 of 31 What is the salt formed form HCL? Chloride (Cl- ions). 16 of 31 What is the salt formed form H2SO4? Sulfate (SO2−4 ions). 17 of 31 What is the salt formed form HNO3? Nitrate ( NO-3) 18 of 31 Metal + acid = Metal salt + hydrogen. 19 of 31 Metal hydroxide (base) + acid = Metal salt +water. 20 of 31 Metal oxide + acid (acid + alkali) = Metal salt + water (neutralisation reaction). 21 of 31 Acid + metal carbonate = Metal salt + water + carbon dioxide. 22 of 31 Stage 1, part 1 of making a salt, reaction. React acid with insoluble substance (metal, metal hydroxide,metal oxide, metal carbonate). 23 of 31 Stage 1, part 2 of making a salt, reaction. Add substance in excess to make sure there is no leftover acid or substance it reacted with. 24 of 31 Stage 1, part 3 of making a salt, reaction. This reaction may need to be heated. 25 of 31 Stage 2 of making a salt, filtration. Filter of the leftover substance (metal, metal hydroxide, metal oxide, metal carbonate). 26 of 31 Stage 3, part 1 of making a salt, crystallisation. Heat the solution to evaporate some of water until crystals start to form. 27 of 31 Stage 3, part 2 of making a salt, crystallisation. Leave the solution to cool down, more crystals will form. 28 of 31 Stage 3, part 3 of making a salt, crystallisation. Filter off the crystals of the salt, then allow them to dry. 29 of 31 How do you test for crystallisation? You dip a glass rod into the solution, turn it upside down to see if crystals have formed. 30 of 31 WHat happens in a neutralisation reaction, between acids and alkalis? Hydrogen ions react with oxgen ions to produce water. 31 of 31
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