Acids,bases and salts

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  • Created by: jemstars
  • Created on: 13-03-17 16:05
Hydrochloric acid (acid)
HCl
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Nitric acid (acid)
HNO3
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Sulfuric acid (acid)
H2SO4
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Ethanoic acid (acid)
CH3OOH (vinegar)
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What do all acids contain?
Hydrogen ions, H+ ion.
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What are acids?
They are a proton donor.
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What is the pH range of an acid?
0-6, with 0-2 being a strong acid and 3-6 a weak acid.
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Sodium hydroxide (alkali)
NaOH
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Potassium hydroxide (alkali)
KOH
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Ammonium hydroxide (alkali)
NH40H (ammonium solution)
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Calcium hydroxide (alkali)
Ca(OH)2 (lime water)
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What do all alkalis contain?
Hydroxide ions, H-ions.
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What is the pH range of alkalis?
8-14, with 11-14 being a strong alkali and 8-10 a weak alkali.
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What is a chemical with a pH of 1?
Hydrochloric acid.
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How do you test the pH of a solution?
Add UI and the colour compared to the colour chart is the approximate pH.
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What is the salt formed form HCL?
Chloride (Cl- ions).
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What is the salt formed form H2SO4?
Sulfate (SO2−4 ions).
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What is the salt formed form HNO3?
Nitrate ( NO-3)
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Metal + acid =
Metal salt + hydrogen.
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Metal hydroxide (base) + acid =
Metal salt +water.
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Metal oxide + acid (acid + alkali) =
Metal salt + water (neutralisation reaction).
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Acid + metal carbonate =
Metal salt + water + carbon dioxide.
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Stage 1, part 1 of making a salt, reaction.
React acid with insoluble substance (metal, metal hydroxide,metal oxide, metal carbonate).
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Stage 1, part 2 of making a salt, reaction.
Add substance in excess to make sure there is no leftover acid or substance it reacted with.
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Stage 1, part 3 of making a salt, reaction.
This reaction may need to be heated.
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Stage 2 of making a salt, filtration.
Filter of the leftover substance (metal, metal hydroxide, metal oxide, metal carbonate).
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Stage 3, part 1 of making a salt, crystallisation.
Heat the solution to evaporate some of water until crystals start to form.
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Stage 3, part 2 of making a salt, crystallisation.
Leave the solution to cool down, more crystals will form.
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Stage 3, part 3 of making a salt, crystallisation.
Filter off the crystals of the salt, then allow them to dry.
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How do you test for crystallisation?
You dip a glass rod into the solution, turn it upside down to see if crystals have formed.
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WHat happens in a neutralisation reaction, between acids and alkalis?
Hydrogen ions react with oxgen ions to produce water.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

HNO3

Back

Nitric acid (acid)

Card 3

Front

H2SO4

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

CH3OOH (vinegar)

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Hydrogen ions, H+ ion.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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