Acids bases and salts

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Types of acids
Nitric acid (HNO3) Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
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Types of alkali
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Potassium hydroxide (KOH) Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
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Universal indicator
Alkali = purple Neutral = green Acid = red
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Electrodes
Negative electrode - Cathode Positive electrode - Anode Positive ions attract to the cathode - Cations Negative ions attract to the anode - Anions
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P.A.N.I.C
Positive anode negative
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Electroplating
The negative electrode is made of the object to be electroplated and the positive is made of the metal to coat the object with. The electrolyte is the solution of the coating metal.
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Redox reactions
When an ion loses electrons, it is oxidised. When an ion gains electrons it is reduced.
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Extraction of aluminium
Boiling point is too high so it is dissolved in molten cryolite to lower it - this is cheaper
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Electrolysis of aluminium
Aluminium forms at the cathode and is tapped off. The electrodes are made from graphite - the anodes need to be replaced regularly. The oxygen produced becomes carbon dioxide and burns away the anodes.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Types of alkali

Back

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Potassium hydroxide (KOH) Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)

Card 3

Front

Universal indicator

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Electrodes

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

P.A.N.I.C

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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