Acidic solutions turn blue litmus paper red. They turn universal indicator paper red if they are strongly acidic, and orange or yellow if they are weakly acidic.
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Bases
Substances that can react with acids and neutralise them to make a salt and water are called bases. They are usually metal oxides or metal hydroxides. For example, copper oxide and sodium hydroxide are bases. Most bases do not dissolve in water.
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Alkalis
Bases that dissolve in water are called alkalis. Alkalis turn red litmus paper blue. They turn universal indicator paper dark blue or purple if they are strongly alkaline, and blue-green if they are weakly alkaline.
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alkalis and acids
When acids dissolve in water they produce aqueous hydrogen ions, H+(aq). When alkalis dissolve in water they produce aqueous hydroxide ions, OH–(aq).
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neutralisation reaction
When the H+(aq) ions from an acid react with the OH–(aq) ions from an alkali, a neutralisation reaction occurs to form water
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When acids react with bases what is made?
A salt and water are made.
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What is the equation for the neutralisation reaction?
H+(aq) + OH–(aq) → H2O(l)
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reactive metals
Acids will react with reactive metals, such as magnesium and zinc, to make a salt and hydrogen
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in the reaction between a reactive metal and an acid how do you detect the hydrogen?
The hydrogen causes bubbling during the reaction, and can be detected using a lighted splint.
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Naming salts
The first part of the name is 'ammonium' if the base used is ammonia. Otherwise, it is the name of the metal in the base. The second part of the name comes from the acid used
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ammonia fertiliser
Many artificial fertilisers are ammonium salts, made by the reaction of an acid with ammonia solution.
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Making insoluble salts
Insoluble salts do not dissolve in water. They can be made by mixing appropriate solutions of ions together
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Which salts are insoluble?
Most other hydroxides other than Na and K, Most other carbonates other than Na and K, Silver chloride, silver bromide, silver iodide, lead chloride, lead bromide, lead iodide,Lead sulfate, barium sulfate
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what is electrolysis?
Electrolysis is the process by which ionic substances are decomposed (broken down) into simpler substances when an electric current is passed through them. The substance that is broken down is called the electrolyte.
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what do possitively charged ions do?
Positively charged ions move to the negative electrode during electrolysis. They receive electrons and are reduced.
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what do negatively charged ions do?
Negatively charged ions move to the positive electrode during electrolysis. They lose electrons and are oxidised
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what is electrolysis used for?
Electrolysis is used to electroplate objects. This is useful for coating a cheaper metal with a more expensive one
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Bases
Back
Substances that can react with acids and neutralise them to make a salt and water are called bases. They are usually metal oxides or metal hydroxides. For example, copper oxide and sodium hydroxide are bases. Most bases do not dissolve in water.
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