Acids and bases

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What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid?
Proton donors
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What is a Bronsted-Lowry base?
Proton acceptors
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What are strong acids and bases?
Acids and bases that dissociate almost completely in water
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What are weak acids and bases?
Acids and bases that dissociate only slightly in water
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Define monoprotic
Each molecule of an acid will release one proton when it dissociates
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Define diprotic
Each molecule of an acid will release two protons when it dissociates
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pKa =
-log(Ka)
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Ka =
10-pKa
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What indicator can you use for a strong acid/strong base?
Methyl orange and phenolpthalein (pH 13)
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What indicator can you use for a strong acid/weak base?
Methyl orange (pH 9)
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What indicator can you use for a weak acid/strong base?
Phenolpthalein (pH 5-13)
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What indicator can you use for a weak acid/weak base?
No indicator can be used (pH 5-9)
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What is a buffer?
It is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or alkali are added
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What is an acidic buffer?
They have a pH of 7 or less, they contain a mixture of a weak acid with one of its salts
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What is a basic buffer?
They have a pH greater than 7, they contain a mixture of a weak base with one of its salts
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Name a use of buffers
Buffers are added to shampoo to maintain a constant pH of 5.5
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pH =
-log [H+]
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[H+] =
10^-pH
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pH of a weak acid =
[H+] = √Ka [HA]
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pH of a strong base =
-log [kw / OH]
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a Bronsted-Lowry base?

Back

Proton acceptors

Card 3

Front

What are strong acids and bases?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are weak acids and bases?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Define monoprotic

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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