ACE2034: Lecture 3

?
  • Created by: LMoney
  • Created on: 10-05-14 13:14
what happens in specific immunity the second and subsequent times it comes into contact with the same organism?
displays an enhanced response
1 of 43
what is specific immunity mediated by?
both humoral and cellular response.
2 of 43
what is Cell-mediated Immunity (CMI)?
used for any immune response in which phagocytic and/or cytotoxic cells play the major role
3 of 43
what is the Humoral response?
non cell-mediated immunity, antibody production, secretory molecules
4 of 43
what happens in the innate reaction?
neutrophils and macrophages going up, metabolism going up, acid catabolites going up, Oxygen concentration going down, Death of phagocytic cells and possibly parasites, release of hydrolytic enzymes, and possibly further death of parasites
5 of 43
what are the 3 different cell types involved in the cellular response?
antigen-presenting cells (macrophages and dendritic cells), B cells (antibody production), T cells (communicating with chemical messengers: Lymphokines or interleukins)
6 of 43
where are the peptides from broken down pathogens displayed?
macrophage surface and on MHC II molecules on the surface of B cells
7 of 43
which cells will stimulate B cells to produce antibodies?
T cells
8 of 43
what is the function of Th1 cells?
Inflammatory cells involved in the elimination of pathogens residing intra-cellularly in vesicular compartments
9 of 43
what is the function of Th2 cells?
“true” helper cells required for antibody production by B cells
10 of 43
Both Th1 and Th2 express which protein?
CD4
11 of 43
what are the other names for cytotoxic T cells?
CD8 T cells or cytolytic T cells
12 of 43
Cells harbouring pathogens where are recognised by these cells?
in the cytosol
13 of 43
what is the killing mechanism of cytotoxic T cells?
it involves the activation of nucleases in the infected cells, which cleave host and viral DNA.
14 of 43
B cells are responsible for producing what?
antibodies
15 of 43
where are B cell derived from in birds?
Bursa of Fabricius
16 of 43
what is the Bursa of Fabricius's equivalent in mammals?
the foetal liver, the bone marrow, and the mucosal associated lymphoid tissue
17 of 43
what does TNF-a do?
suppresses viral replication and activates phagocytes
18 of 43
what does interferon do?
inhibits viral replication and activates other cells which kill pathogens
19 of 43
what do complement components and their products do?
cause destruction of micro-organism directly or with help of phagocytic cells
20 of 43
what do fibronectin coats (opsonises) do?
bind to bacteria and promotes their rapid phagocytosis
21 of 43
what does MHC stand for?
Major Histocompatibility Complex
22 of 43
what is the MHC?
a region of DNA that codes for proteins associated with the immune response.
23 of 43
What is the MHC called in man?
HLA and is on chromosome 6; in mice the MHC is called H-2 and is on chromosome 17.
24 of 43
how many classes of proteins are there?
2, class I and class II
25 of 43
what are the 4 stages of primary acquired immune response?
a) Lag phase b) Log phase c) Plateau d) Decline
26 of 43
in primary acquired immune response, what are the antibodies produced?
primarily IgM
27 of 43
what are the 3 stages of secondary acquired immune response?
a) Decline b) Log phase c) Decline
28 of 43
in secondary acquired immune response what are the antibodies produced?
primarily IgG
29 of 43
what are the Classes and subclasses of Antibody in human serum?
IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE
30 of 43
what does each Ig have?
H (heavy) and L (light) chains
31 of 43
what happens in polyclonal response?
polyclonal antibodies react to many different epitopes on the antigen
32 of 43
how many antibody clones will the B cell produce for each epitope?
50 to 300 antibodies of different affinity
33 of 43
for example, if an antigen has 4 epitopes how many B cell clones will be produced?
between 200 and 1200 clones of B cells will be produced
34 of 43
what is monoclonal response?
Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies that are the same because they are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell, in contrast to polyclonal antibodies which are made from several different immune cells
35 of 43
in monoclonal response do the antibodies have the same or different affinities affinities/specifities?
The same
36 of 43
what do blood groups A and B entail, and what % of the population has each?
Group A (42%) have antigen A on their RBC and have anti-B antibodies in their serum Group B (8%) have antigen B on their RBC and have anti-A antibodies in their serum
37 of 43
what do blood groups AB and O entail and what % of the population has each?
Group AB (3%) have antigen A and antigen B on their RBC and no anti-A or anti-B antibodies Group O (47%) have neither antigen A nor antigen B on their RBC, they have anti-A and anti-B antibodies
38 of 43
how many different Rh antigens are there?
at least 30
39 of 43
which antigens of the Rh blood group system are most important?
D, C, c, E, and e
40 of 43
who many pairs of genes are involved in the Rh factor?
CDE/cde
41 of 43
what % are Rh+ and Rh- in the US?
In the US around 15% are Rh- and 85% are Rh+
42 of 43
which antigen or antigens do the + or - refer to?
the D antigen only
43 of 43

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is specific immunity mediated by?

Back

both humoral and cellular response.

Card 3

Front

what is Cell-mediated Immunity (CMI)?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is the Humoral response?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what happens in the innate reaction?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Lecture 3 resources »