Accent and Dialect

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  • Created by: 10dhall
  • Created on: 04-06-17 12:08
What is accent?
The way we pronounce English, we all have our own accent
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What is dialect?
This is not only pronunciation but also the words and grammar that people use
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What is Received Pronunciation? (RP)
Associated with respect, good education, high social status
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What is Standard English?
Regarded as prestigious associated with the government, law, church and the financial industry, spoken by 12% of the population
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What is Social Prestige Overt?
Recognised as being a widely recognised dialect such as RP
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What is Covert Prestige?
Developed by people who want to belong to a certain group of people / be considered a member of a certain community
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Prescriptivists?
English is set by governed rules which dictate a proper/correct use of language, any deviation is wrong and they dislike change because it lowers standards and decays
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Descriptivists?
Observes language in different situations and describes the way language varies according to user and context. They see change as inevitable and accept change
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What language is associated with descriptivists?
Holds the view that Standard English is the core form of language
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What is Estuary English?
There are predictions that it will replace RP, and grows out of it's original routes influencing more speakers and spreading into wider areas of the UK
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What is a theorist on Estuary English?
David Rosewarne (1980's): uses non-standard grammatical forms such as 'ain't', glottalling (consonant pronounced by a glottal stop), vowel fronting, is influenced by Cockney, popular in MK - migration into London
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What is Trudgill's theory?
Researched into men & women from different social classes, found that women used overt prestige to appear a higher social class due to social insecurity (hyper-correctness), men use covert prestige to appear more down to earth and tough
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What did Chesire do? (1990's)
Researched into children's prestige to explore whether adults prestige stemmed from their speech as a child - found that girls spoke to create/maintain friendships, boys used their language to install a group identity
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What can influence why accent and dialect are changing?
Minorities, media, French words after the Norman conquest in 1066
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What did Trudgill find in Norwhich?
That the pronunciation of 'ng' on the suffix of a word and 'r' in New York were seen as an upper class language and more formal, also that women of each class use prestige language more than men of the same class
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What is code switching?
Code switching is when a bilingual person switches between languages in a sentence
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What is Labov's theory?
That young residents were unconsciously adopting an older speech form, showing covert prestige
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What is upwards convergence?
Someone from a lower class/working class accent who speaks RP or higher in a conversation
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What is downwards convergence?
If someone who speaks RP speaks standard English to converge to the person
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What is assimilation?
Conforming to the characteristics of a group
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is dialect?

Back

This is not only pronunciation but also the words and grammar that people use

Card 3

Front

What is Received Pronunciation? (RP)

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is Standard English?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is Social Prestige Overt?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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