Problem Solving

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  • Created by: Auberixli
  • Created on: 19-04-16 10:40
Abstraction
Simplifying a problem to omit all unnecessary details
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Information Hiding
Hiding the complexities of the system behind a simple to use interface
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Interface
The boundary between the front end of a system and its impementation
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Time Complexity
How long an algorithm takes to complete a task with a given input
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Space complexitiy
How much memory an algoritm needs to complete a task with a given inpiut
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Order of Growth
How quickly the complexitiy of a function grows with growth input size
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Asymptotic behaviour
The behaviour of a function for a very large vaules of n
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Non-computable
A problem that does not have an alogirthmic soluttion
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Tractable
A problem that has a ploynomial time solution
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Intractable
A problem for which no reasonable time solution has yet been found
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Undecidable
A decision problem that is not computable
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Heuristic solution
A trial and error approach using "informed guesses" or learned knowledge to find a solution to an intractable problem
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Mealy Machine
A FSM that determines its outputs from the present state and inputs
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Moore Machine
A FSM that determines its outputs fromt the present state only
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Determinisitc FSM
Each state has a unique trigger for every transition
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Finite Sate Automatron FSA
FSM only output TRUE or FALSE
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Principle of Universality
A universal machine is a machine of capable of simulating any other machine
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Equivalent Turing Machine
All other types of computing machine are reducible to an equivalent Turing Machine
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Power of a Turing Machine
No Physical computing device can be more powerful than a Turing machine. If a Turing machine cannot solve a desision problem, nor can any physical computing device
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Natural Language
A real spoken and written language with grammar or syntax rules and ambiguities, such as English and French
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Formal Language
A language defined by an ALPHABET and RULES OF SYNTAX
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Regular Language
Any language that an FSM will accept
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The Travelling Salesman Problem
Intractable problem - Shortested distance between a number of nodes
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The Halting Problem
Non-computable - Is it possible to create a program which takes a program as an input and determines if the program will halt or loop infinitely
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Nondeterminsistic Finite Automaton NFA
Have two or more finish end states
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Deterministic Finite Automaton DFA
All nodes end up going to the same end state
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Hiding the complexities of the system behind a simple to use interface

Back

Information Hiding

Card 3

Front

The boundary between the front end of a system and its impementation

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

How long an algorithm takes to complete a task with a given input

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

How much memory an algoritm needs to complete a task with a given inpiut

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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