Abnormality

Give the one of the three definitions of abnormality and evaluate it

Devitation from social norms- Dont conform with what society views as normal (unwritten rules) limitation: varies in time and context, abnormal in one culture might be seen as normal in another

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Give the one of the three definitions of abnormality and evaluate it

Deviation from ideal mental health- self attitude, personal growth, integration and acurate perception of reality limitations- cultural differnces, how many have to be met for ideal mental health

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Give the one of the three definitions of abnormality and evaluate it

Failure to function adequately- behaviour interfers with daily functioning limitations-cultural different lifestyles, behavioiur that is viewed as dysfunctional may have adaptive benefits

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Outline the main idea of each of the 4 approaches to psychopathology

1 biological- mental disorder as consequence of malfunctioning biological systems 2 Psychodynamic-abnormal behaviour as a result of pscholoical conficts 3 Behavioural- all behaviour is learnt 4 cognitive- faulty internal thinking

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Explain and evaluate the cognitive approach

ABC model, faulty thinking eg overgenralisation, dichotomous, catastrophsing. CT as effecive as antidepressants limitations- overlook causes of thinking, cause or effect? negative beliefs may be realistic

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Explain and evaluate the biological approach

causes: genetic inheritance of abnomalities in brain antomy/abnormal neuroantomy or viral infection limitations- 'invented as form of social control', causes effect-different for individuals, no evidence for purley genetic causes

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Explain and evaluate the pschodynamic approach

ID, ego and superego conflicts, childhood experiances affect lives, ego defence mechanisms can causes abnormal behviour eg denial, repression, projection, regression, limitations- not testable, frued theory sexist

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Explain and evaluate the behavioural approach

classical conditioning- assiciation eg little Albert, operant conditioning- + or - reinforcement, social learning limitations- treating symptoms not cause, phobias not always experince it waslearnt from

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Outline drug therapies

Antidepressant- reduce rate of reabsorbtion of serotonin/block enzmyes limitation-Kirsch found placebo as effective antipsychotic- block binding site of dopamine receptor WHO lower relapse to placebo. limitations of drug- side effects, treat symptom

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What is ECT?

Electroconvulsive therapy involves small electric shock through brain, helps in emergency,Cromer- 70% effective, limitations- relapse within 6 months, sham as effective

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What is Psychoanalysis?

therapy to gain insight into repressed memories, free association, therapist interpretation Bergin 80% effective, limitation-false memories, freud theory not testable

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What is systematic de-sensitisation used for and how does it work?

treating phobias gradually by using heirachy and relaxation techniques, limitations- only suppresing symtoms

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Outline and evaluate cognitive behavioural therapy

REBT- challange irrational belifes and self-defeating thoughts ABCDEF model meta-analysis 28 studies founf sucessful for OCD and social phobias, non-clinical benefits limitations- some negative beliefs realistic

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Abnormality

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