black immigrants in the UK are more likely to be diagnosed with depression, this may be linked to stress due to immigration
1 of 29
Johnstone (1989)
working class patients are giving longer hospitalisation periods and are treated physically rather than psychologically
2 of 29
Robins et al (1984)
showed women are more likely to be diagnosed with depression and phobias and this is due to gender stereotypes attached to the female sex
3 of 29
Ford and Wildiger (1989)
histrionic personality disorder was diagnosed more accurately in women, it is seen as a more typically 'female' disorder, characterised by emotional outbursts
4 of 29
McGuffin et al (1996)
46% concordance for depression in MZ twins, 20% for DZ showing some genetic basis for the disorder
5 of 29
Kendler (1992)
the comorbidity of depression and generalised anxiety disorder was higher in twins, showing depression may be a side affect of other genetically inherited disorders
6 of 29
Wilhelm et al (2006)
negative life events were linked clearly to depression, especially in those with the short short form of the serotonin transporter gene, showing support for the diathesis stress model
7 of 29
Beck (1967)
negative schemas are acquired in childhood
8 of 29
Seligman (1967)
learned helplessness, once depressed people fail to try and escape other depressing situations
9 of 29
Abramson (1978)
learned helplessness causes a depressive attributional style, the cause of any stressful event then becomes internal, stable and global
10 of 29
Hammen and Krantz (1976)
depressed women made more errors in logical thinking supporting Becks ideas
11 of 29
Joseph (2004)
40.4% concordance of schizophrenia in twins, only 7.4% in DZ suggesting a partially genetic basis
12 of 29
Tienari et al (2000)
adopted children with schizophrenia mothers are more likely to develop schizophrenia
13 of 29
Gottesman and Reilly (2003)
diathesis stress model - genes predispose a person to the disorder, it develops after a stressor
14 of 29
Meyer-Lindenberg et al
excessive dopamine was linked to poor working memory
15 of 29
Bateson (1956)
schizophrenic patients families are destructively ambiguous
16 of 29
Berger (1965)
there is a higher recall of double bind in schizophrenic patients
17 of 29
Cerletti and Brini (1938)
developed ECT
18 of 29
Bennett (2003)
see ECT as a terrifying experience of personal autonomy, causing a disruption of emotions and memory
19 of 29
Benton (1981)
ECT is seen as a punishment rather than a treatment, memory loss and biochemical changes occur
20 of 29
Sanita et al (1998)
showed no difference in success rates between real and stimulated ECT
21 of 29
Kingdon and Kirschen (2006)
many patients are not suitable for CBT as they can not engage fully with the therapy
22 of 29
Drury et al (1996)
patients have less hallucinations when engaging in CBT
23 of 29
Sackheim et al (1989)
real ECT is more effective that placebo ones, bilateral is more likely to cause problems but is more effective (depression)
24 of 29
Scott (2004)
review of 13 studies, ECT is more effective than drug therapy in short term treatment (this was not compared to SSRI new treatment drugs) (depression)
25 of 29
Rose et al (2003)
1/3 of patients complained of memory loss after ECT (depression)
26 of 29
Butler et al (2006)
meta analysis, CBT is highly effective for treating depression
27 of 29
Holmes (2002)
largest study conducted, CBT is less effective than drug therapy, but doesn’t take into account comorbidity and complex problems (depression)
28 of 29
Kuyken and Tsivikos (2009)
15% variance is due to therapist competence
29 of 29
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
working class patients are giving longer hospitalisation periods and are treated physically rather than psychologically
Back
Johnstone (1989)
Card 3
Front
showed women are more likely to be diagnosed with depression and phobias and this is due to gender stereotypes attached to the female sex
Back
Card 4
Front
histrionic personality disorder was diagnosed more accurately in women, it is seen as a more typically 'female' disorder, characterised by emotional outbursts
Back
Card 5
Front
46% concordance for depression in MZ twins, 20% for DZ showing some genetic basis for the disorder
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