Ability Test- Ionic and Covalent Structures (Selective)
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- Created by: Heather
- Created on: 17-07-14 22:00
In groups 1 and 2, what charge of ions are produced and what is another name for the charged ions?
Positive ions called Cations
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In groups 6 and 7, what charge of ions are produced and what is another name for the charged ions?
Negative ions called Anions,
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Some groups of atoms can also exist as stable ions. What charge of ions are they usually and what is the exception with what charge?
They are usually negaitve ions or anions and ammonium is a positive ion or a cation,
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Give the three compounds that have a -2 charge with the word and chemical symbol,
Sulfate SO4, Carbonate CO3, Sulfite SO3
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Give the 4 compounds that have a -1 charge with the word and chemical symbol?
Hydroxide OH, Nitrate NO3, Hydrogencarbonate HCO3, Cyanide CN,
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What charge are the transition metals but what ca't they do like other elements from the 's' block?
They are positively charged but can't form a nible gas structure
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What are the different states called when transition metals can form more than one ion?
'oxidation states'
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What are the most common trasnition metals? and some with their oxidation states? (7)
Fe2+. Fe3+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cr3+
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What direction does ionic bonding work in and what is its srength like in this direction?
Any particular direction and is equally strong in all directions,
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What is formed when ionic compounds form and describe it?
A giant lattice which is a closely packed regular array of ions with each negative ion surroudned by positive ions and vice versa.
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What are the forces between these oppositely chargd ions called and describe their strength?
Intermolecular bonds and are very strong,
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In Sodium Oxide Crystal, what is the ratio of Na+ ions to O2- ions?
2:1
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What increases the strength of the bonds between particles and an example?
The bigger the charges on the ions - MgO (Mg2+, O2-) is bigger than NaCl (Na+, Cl-)
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In an ionic lattice, what has to break in order for the solid to melt?
THe ionic bonds between the particles within the lattice
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What kind of melting point does an ionic compound have?
High,
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Why are ionic compounds soluble in water? (what type of molecule is water?)
As water is a polar molecule
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Describe how water being a polar molecule helps to make ionic compounds soluble?
The oxygen end is slightly negative and is attracted to the positive ions while the hydrogen end is slightly positve and is attracted to negative ions,
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IS the ionic lattice dissolve instantly? or somethning else?
It isn;t dissolved instantly but is slowly broken up,
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Can ionic lattices conduct electricity?
They have no free electrons or particles to carry the electrical curtrent so are electrical insulators. Until milten or dissolved so then ions seperate and can move,
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What are four good examples of small covalent molecules?
Hydrocarbons+ alkanes- methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane,
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What are the boiling points of the first four alkanes?
Methane- -161oC, Ethane- -89oC, Propame- -42oC. Butane- 0oC
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What increases the boiling points of covalent bonds?
Polar molecules like water and chlorine,
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What is a lone pair?
When a pair of electrons in a covalent bond aren't shared with the other atom(s)
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How does lone pair affect the boiling points and how?
An attraction is created between hydrogen and the lone pair called a hydrogen bond which creates a strong attraction so increases boiling point,
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What is a hydrogen bond and what is its strength?
A hydrogen bond is a bond between a lone -pair of electrons of one molecule which are attracted to hydrgen atoms in another molecule. It is stronger than a polar bond and its the strongest intermolcular bond,
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Is a small covalent molecule soluble?
Non-polar molecules with covalent bonds dont mix well with water as the attractive force between two water particles is stronger than that between water and hydrogen so will form two seperate layerss.
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Can a small covalent moecule conduct electrcicity?
No, it is an electrical insulator as it has no free electrons or ions,
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What are the 3 giant covalent strcutures?
Diamond, graphite and silicon dioxide,
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Describe diamonds formation ?
It has one carbon atom which forms four covalent bonds with another carbon.
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Describe diamonds properties?
not soluble, It is very hard due to its rigid strucutre, Melting Point-3440oC, Boiling Point- 4830oC (High melting and boiling point), electrical insulator,
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Describe the formation of graphite?
Eahc carbon atom forms three covalent bonds with anotehr carbon in the same plane, leading to a series of layers.
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Describe graphite's properties?
not soluble, Has layers which slide over each other so brittle, electrical condustor due to free ekectron from missing carbon covalent bond, high melting and boilinf points,
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Describe the formation of silicon dioxide?
Each silicon atom makes four covalent bonds with an oxygen atom which is attached to two silicon atoms. there are different structures adn this is called quartz,
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Describe silicon dioxide's properties?
-Melting Points-1650oC, Boiling Point-2230oC (high melting and boilign points). electrical insulator, not soluble,
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
In groups 6 and 7, what charge of ions are produced and what is another name for the charged ions?
Back
Negative ions called Anions,
Card 3
Front
Some groups of atoms can also exist as stable ions. What charge of ions are they usually and what is the exception with what charge?
Back
Card 4
Front
Give the three compounds that have a -2 charge with the word and chemical symbol,
Back
Card 5
Front
Give the 4 compounds that have a -1 charge with the word and chemical symbol?
Back
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