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6. Which of the following are released from the adrenal medulla?

  • Adrenal Androgens
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Catecholamines
  • Mineralocorticoids

7. A substance, identified as 'X', is freely filterable and is excreted at a rate (in moles per minute) that is lower than the filtered load. On the basis of this information alone, which of the following is the most precise conclusion that can be dra

  • X is definitely reabsorbed and maybe secreted
  • X is definitely secreted and maybe reabsorbed
  • X is neither reabsorbed nor secreted
  • X is definitely reabsorbed and secreted

8. With respect to the Parasympathetic Nervous System, which of the following is FALSE?

  • Has ganglia near to the spinal cord
  • May terminate in axons that release Acetyl Choline
  • Is termed the 'rest and digest' system
  • Is the 'cranial-sacral' division of the autonomic nervous system

9. Which one of the following substances is normally found in urine?

  • creatinine
  • blood proteins
  • haemoglobin
  • white blood cells

10. Which is true of Cranial nerves?

  • cranial nerves may be mixed (sensory and motor fibres
  • all of the above
  • cranial nerves may be motor only
  • cranial nerves may be sensory only

11. Excessive secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland in adults only, results in;

  • gigantism
  • acromegaly
  • cretinism
  • Graves disease

12. Which is true of calcium at the presynaptic cell?

  • calcium enters the cell before the neurotransmitter vesicles are released
  • calcium enters the presynaptic cell after the neurotransmitter vesicles are released
  • calcium does not enter the presynaptic terminals
  • calcium enters the presynaptic cell prior to the action potential reaching the terminals

13. Which statement about action potentials is INCORRECT?

  • they can be summed
  • they are all or nothing
  • they have a refractory period
  • they are conducted without decrement

14. Cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia are cell bodies of ...

  • Interneurones
  • Sensory AND motor neurones
  • Sensory neurones
  • Motor neurones

15. Which of the following has NO effect on growth?

  • testosterone
  • thyroid hormone
  • ADH
  • cortisol

16. Which of the following are released from the posterior pituitary?

  • oxytocin
  • thyrotropin releasing hormone
  • cortisol
  • adrenaline

17. Which one of the following is NOT one of the functions of the kidney?

  • produce hormones that assist in digestion
  • produce glucose in times of starvation
  • regulate blood volume
  • convert vitamin D from its inactive form to its active form

18. Which of the following hormones leads to a DECREASE in blood glucose?

  • Growth Hormone
  • Glucagon
  • Insulin
  • Cortisol

19. A hormone that is bound to a plasma protein;

  • is inactive in its bound state
  • is rapidly removed from the blood by the kidneys
  • has a relatively short life
  • rapidly stimulates its target cells

20. Concerning the kidneys and their function;

  • the colloid osmotic pressure of blood in the glomerulus favours the formation of glomerular filtrate
  • the wall of the thick segment of the ascending loop of Henle is impermeable to water the colloid osmotic pressure of blood in the glomerulus favours the formation of glomerular filtrate
  • the hydrostatic pressure of the ultrafiltrate in the Bowman's capsule favours the formation of glomerular filtrate
  • in water diuresis, the permeability of the collecting duct is increased by comparison with the non-diuretic situation