A bit on Attachment

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Attachment is?
a close emotional relationship initially between primary caregiver and infant it involves a desire to maintain proximity, separation anxiety and joy on reunion
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Konrad Lorenz 1936
orchestrated a study on goslings, he made sure they were the first living thing they saw. he noticed they formed a rapid attachment towards him known as imprinting. he argued that if imprinting does not occur within 36 hours it never will.
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Schaffer and Emerson 1964 Glasgow babies
a naturalistic studied 60 babies in the first 18 months of there lives. it was a naturalistic study. they found that babies made attachments to those who played and comforted them. Not always those who feed them
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classical conditioning
association of pleasure with the mother. The baby desires food it gives he/she pleasure. this desire is fulfilled by the mother. when the mother is around the baby starts to feel pleasure.
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Operant Conditiong
Babies feel discomfort when they are hungry they have a desire to remove that discomfort. If they cry the mother will feed them, ridding them of discomfort. (negative reinforcement) the baby associates the mother with food and wants her to be close.
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Internal working model (john bowlby)
early attachments reflect the babies future relationships. (continuity hypothesis)
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Monotropy (Bowlby)
One attachment is more important than any other. (mother)
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Sensitive period (Bowlby)
first three years of a childs life.
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Harlow 1959
A lab experiment on baby monkeys they had two surrogate mothers a cloth mother and a wire mother (who feeds them). monkey showed attachment behaviors for the cloth mother not the wire mother (and only fed from her) lacked eco validity. Ethical issues
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Mary Ainsworth 1978 strange situation
a lab obersavtion. 12 -18 months children were observed on how they explored the room, responded to a stranger, there mothers separation and there reunion. it lacked ecological validity.
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Mary ainsworth strange situation securely attached
showed anxiety at there mothers separation, joy on her reunion and explored the environment. (70% were identified as this type)
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Strange situation Insecure avoidant
22% were identified as this attachment type, there was no difference between separation and reunion.
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strange situation insecure resistant
12% were identified with this attachment type. high levels of distress at their mothers separation. likely to resist the mothers comfort unsure on how they want to be comforted.
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PDD model.
Protest:child cries or protests loudly. Despair:after a day or two the child will start to lose interest and appear withdrawn, they eat or sleep less. Detachment:Child will start to become more alert and interested (previous attachment is damaged )
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Peterson and Peterson
naturalistic observation. John 18 months in a residential nursery for nine days. he passed through the PDD model. yet his reaction mat not have been due to the separation but rather the new environment.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

orchestrated a study on goslings, he made sure they were the first living thing they saw. he noticed they formed a rapid attachment towards him known as imprinting. he argued that if imprinting does not occur within 36 hours it never will.

Back

Konrad Lorenz 1936

Card 3

Front

a naturalistic studied 60 babies in the first 18 months of there lives. it was a naturalistic study. they found that babies made attachments to those who played and comforted them. Not always those who feed them

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

association of pleasure with the mother. The baby desires food it gives he/she pleasure. this desire is fulfilled by the mother. when the mother is around the baby starts to feel pleasure.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Babies feel discomfort when they are hungry they have a desire to remove that discomfort. If they cry the mother will feed them, ridding them of discomfort. (negative reinforcement) the baby associates the mother with food and wants her to be close.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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