A2 AQA Media Studies Theorists

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Nicholas Abercrombie
The boundaries between different genres are shifting/Knowing what to expect makes us appreciate the unexpected.
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Rick Altman
Genres must change and innovate succeed/Genres have a purpose
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David Bordwell
Any theme may appear in any genre/Genre is hard to classify as pure
3 of 64
David Buckingham
Genre is in a constant process of change/As society changes, so do genres to reflect culture
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G. Burton
Genres must contain the familiar and the unexpected
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Jacques Derrida
A text cannot belong to no genre/Every text has a genre
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Richard Dyer
Genres offer the audience escapist fantasies into fictional worlds to remove the boredom of reality.
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Jane Feuer
Genre is abstract and is becoming harder to identify
8 of 64
Fiske
The genre of a text influences how it is read/You interpret it to your expectations of said genre
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Fowler
The text relies on the audience having knowledge on the genre
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Andrew Goodwin
Music videos share conventions with films, they contain intertextuality
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Gledhill
The audience already expect to know what is contained within a genre/They don't need the details explained to them
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John Hartley
The same text can belong to different genres over time or countries
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Henry Jenkins
Genres break conventional rules, they hybridise with other genres
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Deborah Knight
We emjoy imagining ourselves living the lives of other characters
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Jason Mitchell
Industries use genre to sell products to audiences by offering cultural references
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Katie Wales
We make sense of a text through our experiences of other texts
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Acland
Repeated representation of delinquent youths helps establish a dominant hegemony
18 of 64
Baudrillard
Representations are hyper-realistic
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John Berger
Where and when we see things alters our perception of it
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Judith Butler
The representations of gender are constructed and reinforced through the media
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Queer Theory
Hetereosexuality is presented as the norm whereas homosexuality is presented as deviant
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Stanley Cohen
'Moral Panic', a mass response to a group or attitude that is a threat to society
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Emile Dunkheim
The media reinforces what acts are deemed as deviant
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Barbara Fredrickson
Women are objectified and this can diminish mental health
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Giroux
Representations of youths are empty because the media is often constructed by adults
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Stuart Hall
Preferred, Negotiated, Oppositional and Aberrant readings
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Hebidge
Youths are presented to challenge the hegemony
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Kaplan
Women are constructed in a male society
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Kilbourne
Women are presented through their body and are used to advertise products in sexual poses
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Andy Medhurst
Stereotypes allow us to quickly identify a person's skills and traits
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Laura Mulvey
'Male Gaze', women are presented in a sexualised manner to appeal to a male audience
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Perkins
Stereotypes are not always negative and can help portray positive ideologies
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Adorno
'Hypodermic Needle', the audience are injected with the institution's values and ideologies
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Blumer and Katz
'Uses and Gratification', the audience consume the media for self-use and escapism
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Branston and Stafford
Conglomerates see a larger audience as larger profit
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Defleur
The 'Hypodermic Needle' model is dependent on the consumer's psychology
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Gerbner
'Cultivation Theory' shows we are becoming desensitised to crime through television and film
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Maslow
'Hierarchy of Needs' consumers have needs which are suplemented by the media
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Morley
Women often consume media texts whilst multi-tasking whereas men put 100% concentration into the media product
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McQuail
The majority of the online audience are young and follow trends, they will mature and move on yet another audience may not replace them; this is a temporary audience.
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Jeremy Tunstall
Audiences can be indentified into: primary, secondary and tertiary
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Roland Barthes
Action Code - driving the narrative forward Enigma Code - not explaining a plotline Semantic Code - a connotation within the narrative Symbolic Code - oraganising meanings from the text Cultural Code - a social commentary
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Roland Barthes (Again)
Texts are usless until they are consumed
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Fiske (Narrative)
A meets b, something happens, order returns
45 of 64
Syd Field
Setup, confrontation, resolution
46 of 64
Tim O'Sullivan
Every text has a narrative
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Vladimir Propp
Eight character types: protagonist, antagonist, princess, father, dispacther, donor, sidekick, false hero
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Levi Strauss
Binary opposites model
49 of 64
Todorov
Equilibrium, disruption, recognition of disruption, recognition of disruption, resolution, new equilibrium
50 of 64
Robert McKee
Incident, progressive complications, crisis, climax, resolution
51 of 64
Althusser
Institutions use 'ideological state apparatus' to reinforce hegemony
52 of 64
The Frankfurt School
The mass media controls audiences to maintain capitalism and make benefit of government
53 of 64
Gramsci
Dominant ideologies change and develop over time
54 of 64
Karl Marx
Marxism: a communist hegemony, proletariat are abused and used to a means of an end by the bourgeoisie
55 of 64
Raymond Williams
The media is controlled by the rich and powerful
56 of 64
Tim Berners Lee
Censorship damages free expression
57 of 64
Nicholas Starr
We are being replaced by technology, role of people is shrinking
58 of 64
Gillmor
Audiences can create their own media products - a form of revolution (YouTube)
59 of 64
B.J. Mendelson
"Those who shout the loudest will be heard most"
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Nielsen
Television is a passive medium, the internet is active because we properly engage with it
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Charlie Brooker
Post-Modernism makes it hard for us to define 'the real'
62 of 64
Martin Baker
We need to see violence because it's part of society
63 of 64
Frederic Jameson
Parodies and pastiches are post-modern
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Rick Altman

Back

Genres must change and innovate succeed/Genres have a purpose

Card 3

Front

David Bordwell

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

David Buckingham

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

G. Burton

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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