A-level Stats chapter 1 key definitions

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A census
Observes or measures every member of a population

Advantage:
• It should give a completely accurate result
Disadvantage:
•Time consuming and expensive
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A Sample
Observations of a subset of the population used to find out information about the whole population

Advantage:
•Less time consuming and expensive
Disadvantage:
•The data may not be as accurate
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Simple random sampling (random)
where everyone has an equal chance of being selected

Advantage:
•Less time consuming and expensive
Disadvantage:
•The data may not be as accurate
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Systematic sampling (random)
required elements are chosen at regular intervals from an ordered list

Advantage:
•Suitable for large populations or samples
Disadvantage:
•If sampling frame is not random it can introduce bias
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Stratified sampling (random)
population is divided into mutually exclusive strata (groups) and a random sample is taken from each

Advantage:
•Accurately reflects the population structure
Disadvantage:
•Population must be clearly classified into distinct strata
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Quota sampling (non-random)
a sample that reflects the characteristics of the whole population

Advantage:
•Allows easy comparison between groups within a population
Disadvantage:
•non-random sampling can introduce bias
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Opportunity sampling (non-random)
people who are available and who fit the criteria

Advantage:
•Easy and inexpensive
Disadvantage:
•unlikely to provide representative sample
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Observations of a subset of the population used to find out information about the whole population

Advantage:
•Less time consuming and expensive
Disadvantage:
•The data may not be as accurate

Back

A Sample

Card 3

Front

where everyone has an equal chance of being selected

Advantage:
•Less time consuming and expensive
Disadvantage:
•The data may not be as accurate

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

required elements are chosen at regular intervals from an ordered list

Advantage:
•Suitable for large populations or samples
Disadvantage:
•If sampling frame is not random it can introduce bias

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

population is divided into mutually exclusive strata (groups) and a random sample is taken from each

Advantage:
•Accurately reflects the population structure
Disadvantage:
•Population must be clearly classified into distinct strata

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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