A level psychology- Psychopathology key studies

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  • Created by: 10holdh
  • Created on: 26-02-17 16:04
Rosenhan and Seligman
Proposed signs for failure to function adequately such as when they no longer conform to interpersonal rules, experiences personal distress, irrational/dangerous behaviour.
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Jahoda
Proposed criteria for defining ideal mental health
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Mowrer
Proposed two process model which explains how phobias are acquired through classical conditioning (conditioning through association) and maintained through operant conditioning
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Sue et al
Provided empire evidence for Mower's two process model. Participants could recall a specific event before onset of phobia
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Watson and Rayner- Little Albert (1920)
Little Albert was taught to associate the presence of a white rat to fear through the association of fear of a loud noise, he then became scared of all white fluffy objects, showing that phobias are acquired through classical conditioning
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Seligman
Biological preparedness, (rare to develop fear of guns/cars)- showing there’s more to acquiring simple phobias than simple conditioning and sometimes no event occurs before phobia- snakes, explained by Seligman but not by two process model
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Ougrin
Showed flooding to be more cost effective and quicker than CBT and systematic de-sensitisation
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Walpe
Proposed the treatment of systematic desensitisation for phobias
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Gilroy et al
42 patients who had been treated for spider phobia in 3 45 min sessions of SD. Assessed through questionnaire and exposure response to spider. Control group also used (relaxation without exposure), at 3 and 33 months the SD group were less fearful
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Beck's
Proposed cognitive theory of depression. Faulty cognitions, negative schemas, and negative triads
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Grazioli and Terry
65 pregnant women, those who were judged to have high cognitive vulnerability were more likely to suffer from post-natal depression- cognitions before depression supporting Beck's idea that faulty cognitions cause depression
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Ellis
Proposed ABC model for depression. A- activating event- arises from irrational thought which starts from a negative event. B- belief (irrational) about event. C- consequences( emotional and behavioural) of beliefs
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March et al
Compared effects of CBT to antidepressant drugs and a combination of the two. CBT was shown to be just effective as antidepressants (81% improvement) and helpful alongside medication (86%).
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Rosenzweig
Effectiveness of CBT may be dependent upon therapist- patient relationship
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Nestadt et al
Reviewed previous twin studies and found that 68% of identical twins (MZ) shared OCD as opposed to 31% of non identical (DZ) twins, supporting the idea of a genetic influence on OCD
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Cromer et al
found that over half of OCD patients in their sample could recall a specific traumatic event, and the more severe the trauma the more sever the OCD, therefore OCD not entirely genetic in origin, supporting the diathesis stress model.
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Nestadt et al
Nestadt et al suggesting that the biological processes that cause the symptoms in conditions such as Parkinsons (as serotonin system is faulty in both) may also be responsible for OCD- therefore serotonin system may cause OCD
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Soomro et al
Reviewed studies comparing SSRIs and placebos in the treatment of OCD and in all 17 studies the SSRIs were significantly better than the placebos.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Proposed criteria for defining ideal mental health

Back

Jahoda

Card 3

Front

Proposed two process model which explains how phobias are acquired through classical conditioning (conditioning through association) and maintained through operant conditioning

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Provided empire evidence for Mower's two process model. Participants could recall a specific event before onset of phobia

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Little Albert was taught to associate the presence of a white rat to fear through the association of fear of a loud noise, he then became scared of all white fluffy objects, showing that phobias are acquired through classical conditioning

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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